Dune sand is widely available in Algeria. Unfortunately, it is not adequately exploited, despite the interesting properties this material may exhibit. It was revealed that using this new material could significantly alleviate the pressures on the construction sector; it may also contribute to the development of the Algerian southern regions, which contain huge amounts of dune sand. It is worth mentioning that the reactive powder concrete is a novel type of concrete that possesses a high compressive strength of up to 800 MPa. This sort of concrete uses a fine particulate matter or powder that is needed for the reactions occurring between all the constituents and hence allows manufacturing high density and high-strength sand-based concrete. It should be noted that preparing reactive powder concrete requires various materials such as cement, sand, water and some additional constituents. The major part of the concrete mixture consists of fine aggregates whose characteristics play an important role in the physical and mechanical properties of the resulting material. The present study aims primarily to investigate the effects of using dune sand on the mechanical and physical properties of fiber-reinforced reactive powder concrete. In this work, river sand has been replaced by dune sand at three different substitution ratios, i.e., 40%, 50% and 60%, successively. Then, the flexural strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity (dynamic and static) were examined and assessed. The experimental findings indicated that the characteristics of the resulting material were significantly enhanced when using dune sand. This allows concluding that dune sand can be employed as an effective substitute in the formulation of reactive powder concrete. Finally, the test results indicated that the ideal dune sand replacement ratio was 60%.