“…Engaging middle school classroom curriculum is also crucial because students often become disinterested in their education during the early years of adolescence, resulting in students who are not properly prepared to succeed in high school and beyond (Balfanz & Mac Iver, 2000). The use of technology, such as a mobile application, in educational settings also has positive impacts on students' content knowledge, attitudes towards technology, motivation and task engagement, as well as higher order thinking (Brown, 2007;Eyyam & Yaratan, 2014;Lòpez-Pèrez, Pèrez-Lòpez, Rodrìguez-Ariza, & Argente-Linares, 2013). Likewise, field trips to cultural institutions produce positive effects on visitors, such as higher recall and increased interest in science careers, encouraging disenfranchised learners to identify as scientists, improving critical thinking, and increasing connections to content (Behrendt & Franklin, 2014;Dierking & Falk, 1997;Greene, Kisida, & Bowen, 2014;Naizer, 1993;Rahm & Ash, 2008).…”