The influence of the young microbiome on inflammatory diseases—Lessons from animal studies

Bendtsen, Katja Maria; Fisker, Line; Hansen, Axel Kornerup; Hansen, Camilla Hartmann Friis; Nielsen, Dennis Sandris

doi:10.1002/bdrc.21116

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…There is a precedent for use of prophylactic or suppressive antibiotics in the primary care literature for the standard management of pregnant women with recurrent cystitis . Such investigation must also consider possible long‐term adverse outcomes such as obesity, immune or inflammatory disorders, or other conditions related to alterations of the gut microbiome among antibiotic‐exposed infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Population‐Based Study

Crane

Doody

Schiff

et al. 2019

PM&R

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Background Pregnant women with congenital or acquired spinal cord injury face challenges due to compromised neurologic function and mobility, factors that may also affect fetal/infant health. Few studies have examined pregnancy course and longer‐term outcomes in this population. Objective To assess pregnancy outcomes among women with spinal cord injury, paralysis, or spina bifida using population‐based data. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Washington state linked birth‐hospital discharge records. Participants All women (N = 529) with spinal cord injury, paralysis, or spina bifida with singleton live birth deliveries 1987‐2012, and a comparison group of women without disabilities (N = 5282). Methods Diagnosis codes were screened to identify cases and a 10:1 random sample of comparison women. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated overall and separately for each condition using multivariable regression. Subsequent hospitalizations or death were identified via linkage to hospital discharge/death records for 2 years after delivery. Main Outcome Measurements Pregnancy course (weight gain, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, infection, venous thromboembolism), delivery/labor characteristics, infant characteristics (birthweight/size, gestational age), and longer‐term outcomes (occurrence/reasons for maternal/infant rehospitalization, mortality). Results Women with these spinal conditions had increased adjusted risks of prenatal urinary tract infection/pyelonephritis (RR 26.43, 95% CI 13.97‐49.99), venous thromboembolism (RR 9.16, 95% CI 2.17‐38.60), preterm rupture of membranes (RR 2.15, 95% CI 1.18‐3.90), and cesarean delivery (RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.70‐2.09). They had longer hospitalizations and increased rehospitalization (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.28‐1.87), including for postpartum depression (RR 8.15, 4.29‐15.48) or injury (RR 13.05, 95% CI 6.60‐25.81). Their infants were more often small for gestational age (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.33‐2.06), but had no increased risk of rehospitalization or death. Conclusions We observed no increased long‐term morbidity among infants of women with these conditions. Possible increased maternal morbidities during the first postpartum years indicate areas for intervention. Level of Evidence III.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Population‐Based Study

Crane

Doody

Schiff

et al. 2019

PM&R

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“…Early stimuli can critically affect the developing immune system of the baby, and might lead to the development of atopic, chronic inflammatory and allergic diseases later. These effects are well studied in the case of the gut microbiota, but little is known about the exact nature and effect of the cutaneous microbiota on the pathogenesis of such disease …”

Section: Factors Shaping the Composition Of The Skin Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These effects are well studied in the case of the gut microbiota, but little is known about the exact nature and effect of the cutaneous microbiota on the pathogenesis of such disease. 38…”

Section: The Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors shaping the composition of the cutaneous microbiota

et al. 2017

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What's already known about this topic:-Microbes are integral components of the human ecosystem.-The cutaneous microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of skin homeostasis.-The composition of skin microbiota is influenced by many factors. What does this study add?-The dominance of P. acnes in the postadolescent sebum-rich skin regions and its role in acne pathogenesis may be explained by the disappearing microbiota hypothesis. Conflict of interest:The authors declare no conflict of interest. 2 AbstractFrom our birth, we are constantly exposed to bacteria, fungi and viruses, some of which are capable of transiently or permanently inhabiting our different body parts as our microbiota.The majority of our microbial interactions occur during and after birth, and several different factors, including age, sex, genetic constitution, environmental conditions and life style, have been suggested to shape the composition of this microbial community. Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is one of the most dominant lipophilic microbes of the postadolescent, sebum-rich human skin regions. Currently, the role of this bacterium in the pathogenesis of the most common inflammatory skin disease acne vulgaris is a topic of intense scientific debate. Recent results suggest that Westernization strongly increases the dominance of the Propionibacterium genus in human skin compared to natural populations living more traditional lifestyles. According to the disappearing microbiota hypothesis proposed by Martin Blaser a few years ago, such alterations in the composition of our microbiota are the possible consequences of socioeconomic and lifestyle changes occurring after the industrial revolution.Evanescence of species that were important elements of the human ecosystem might lead to the overgrowth and subsequent dominance of others because of the lack of ecological competition. Such changes can disturb the fine-tuned balance of the human body and, accordingly, our microbes developed through a long co-evolutionary process. These processes might lead to the transformation of a seemingly harmless species into an opportunistic pathogen through bacterial dysbiosis. This might have happen in the case of P. acnes in acne pathogenesis.3

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“…During the last years, different animal studies have demonstrated that reduced exposure to microbes early in life is associated with an increased risk of later disease [11, 23]. Moreover, antibiotics-induced microbiota dysbiosis in early life leads to increased susceptibility to allergic and metabolic disorders [24–26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis upon the intestinal microbiota and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in vaginally delivered full-term neonates

et al. 2017

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BackgroundDisturbances in the early establishment of the intestinal microbiota may produce important implications for the infant’s health and for the risk of disease later on. Different perinatal conditions may be affecting the development of the gut microbiota. Some of them, such as delivery mode or feeding habits, have been extensively assessed whereas others remain to be studied, being critical to identify their impact on the microbiota and, if any, to minimize it. Antibiotics are among the drugs most frequently used in early life, the use of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis (IAP), present in over 30% of deliveries, being the most frequent source of exposure. However, our knowledge on the effects of IAP on the microbiota establishment is still limited. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the impact of IAP investigating a cohort of 40 full-term vaginally delivered infants born after an uncomplicated pregnancy, 18 of which were born from mothers receiving IAP.ResultsFecal samples were collected at 2, 10, 30, and 90 days of age. We analyzed the composition of the fecal microbiota during the first 3 months of life by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantified fecal short chain fatty acids by gas chromatography. The presence of genes for resistance to antibiotics was determined by PCR in the samples from 1-month-old infants. Our results showed an altered pattern of intestinal microbiota establishment in IAP infants during the first weeks of life, with lower relative proportions of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes and increased of Preoteobacteria and Firmicutes. A delay in the increase on the levels of acetate was observed in IAP infants. The analyses of specific antibiotic resistance genes showed a higher occurrence of some β-lactamase coding genes in infants whose mothers received IAP.ConclusionsOur results indicate an effect of IAP on the establishing early microbiota during the first months of life, which represent a key moment for the development of the microbiota-induced host homeostasis. Understanding the impact of IAP in the gut microbiota development is essential for developing treatments to minimize it, favoring a proper gut microbiota development in IAP-exposed neonates.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-017-0313-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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The influence of the young microbiome on inflammatory diseases—Lessons from animal studies

Cited by 25 publications

References 121 publications

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Population‐Based Study

Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Population‐Based Study

Factors shaping the composition of the cutaneous microbiota

Impact of intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis upon the intestinal microbiota and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in vaginally delivered full-term neonates

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