The influence of thermophysical properties of an anisotropic heat-element substrate on the value of thermal emf in the stationary thermal mode

Calibration of heat flux sensors based on anisotropic thermoelements and heterogeneous metal structures using a reflected shock wave

“…The volt-watt coefficient of a typical GHFS is S 0 ∼ 1−10 mV/W, and the coefficient for the considered HGHFS is S 0 ≈ 19 µV/W (according to the results of calculation in accordance with the model [9] that reproduces the internal sensor structure). Therefore, regimes with different values of normalized heat flux q √ t were chosen for GHFS and HGHFS calibration (see the table).…”

Non-stationary heat flux measurement in shock tube experiments using sensors based on anisotropic bismuth thermoelements

“…In the general case, the relationship between the distribution of temperature and electric potential in an anisotropic thermoelement is very complex due to the anisotropy of thermal conductivity. For this reason, with the help of numerical simulation, it is possible to solve the direct problemto calculate the temperature and electric potential field and then the total thermoelectric power from the known heat flux passing through the working surface of the sensor [21][22][23][24]. Solution of the inverse problem, i.e.…”

“…The curvature of the isotherms in the thermoelement increases and moves from the ends to the center. When the stationary thermal regime is reached, the isotherms are slanted straight lines [22]. According to relation (1), the thermoelectric power ϕ x depends on the temperature difference T , which varies much weaker along the working and back surfaces of the thermoelement, in contrast to the absolute temperature value.…”