The influence of topographic variables on treeline trees under different environmental conditions

Leonelli, Giovanni; Masseroli, Anna; Pelfini, Manuela

doi:10.1080/02723646.2016.1153377

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…As a result, these changes cause changes in the annual ring and chemical structure of the wood (Downes et al 2008, R. You et al 2021, Marais et al 2022. Leonelli et al(2016) analyzed approximately five trees per km in 360 km of forestland in Upper Valtellina in the Italian Alps and analyzed 1814 trees to determine environmental factors limiting tree line height. They reported that 82 % of trees were affected by geomorphological constraints, while only 3 % of trees were affected by human influence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of road traffic and industrial plant-induced air pollution on the physical, mechanical, chemical and morphological properties of the black pine wood

Koksal,

Kelleci,

Tekingunduz

et al. 2024

Maderas-Cienc Tecnol

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Road traffic pollution and industrial plant-induced pollution affect negatively the development of forest trees. How forest trees are affected by their growing environment is important for sustainable environment. The study aimed to investigate the physical, mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties of the Pinus nigra (black pine) tree which grows under different conditions. Tree samples were chosen from three different lands where were inside the forest (O), near the roadside (Y), and near the factory (F). It was studied whether there were any significant differences among the “O”, “Y” and “F” in terms of their wood properties such as physical, mechanical, chemical, and morphological. As a result, the “O” samples demonstrated more regular annual ring structure. On the other hand, it was observed that the “Y” samples had longer and wider tracheid cells. In addition, “Y” samples had better mechanical strength than “O” and “F”. Environmental pollution caused the presence of some different elements (chlorine and iron) in “Y” and “F”. As a result, it was determined that the trees growing near the roadside or near industrial plants have significant differences from forest trees which are far away from pollutions. It is possible to say that Pinus nigra (black pine) is resistant to environmental stress. For this reason, it can be recommended to use it as a barrier to reduce air pollution on the roadsides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of road traffic and industrial plant-induced air pollution on the physical, mechanical, chemical and morphological properties of the black pine wood

Koksal,

Kelleci,

Tekingunduz

et al. 2024

Maderas-Cienc Tecnol

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“…This has triggered a wide range of ecosystem responses, including all four types described by Walther et al (2002) to recent climate change. These include: a) changes in plant phenology (Theurillat and Guisan 2001, Rogora et al 2018); b) changes in the range and distribution of species; c) of composition and interactions within communities, with upwards migration of alpine species towards mountain summits (Lenoir et al 2008, Pauli et al 2012, Steinbauer et al 2018), changes in floristic composition, extinction debt and thermophilization of mountain floras (Cannone et al 2007, Gottfried et al 2012, Cannone and Pignatti 2014); and d) changes in the structure and dynamics of ecosystems, including shrub and tree encroachment (Cannone et al 2007, Leonelli et al 2016, Malfasi and Cannone 2020) and surface area changes (Cannone et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salix shrub encroachment along a 1000 m elevation gradient triggers a major ecosystem change in the European Alps

et al. 2022

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Shrub encroachment, a globally recognized response to climate warming, usually involves late successional species in mountain environments, without alteration to climax communities. We show that a major ecosystem change is occurring in the European Alps across a 1000 m elevation gradient, with pioneer hygrophilous Salix shrubs, previously typical of riparian forests, wetlands and avalanche ravines, encroaching into the climax communities of subalpine and alpine belts shrublands and grasslands, as well as snowbeds, pioneer vegetation and barren grounds in the nival belt. We analyzed Salix recruitment through dendrochronological methods, and assessed its relationships with climate and atmospheric CO2 concentration. The dendrochronological data indicated that Salix encroachment commenced in the 1950s (based on the age of the oldest Salix individuals, recruited in 1957), and that it was correlated with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, spring warming and snow cover decrease. Hygrophilous Salix shrubs are expanding their distribution both through range filling and upwards migration, likely achieving competitive replacement of species of subalpine and alpine climax communities. They benefit from climate warming and CO2 fertilization and are not sensitive to spring frost damage and soil limitations, being observed across a gradient of soil conditions from loose glacial sediments in recently deglaciated areas (where soils had not had sufficient time to develop) to mature soils such as podzols (when colonizing late successional subalpine shrublands). Salix encroachment may trigger ecosystem and landscape transformations, promoting the development of forests that replace pre‐existing subalpine shrublands, and of open woodlands invading alpine grasslands and snowbeds, making the alpine environment similar to sub‐Arctic and Arctic areas. This results in a new threat to the conservation of the plant species, communities and landscapes typical of the alpine biota, as mountain ranges such as the Alps provide limited opportunities for upward migration and range‐shift.

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“…Evidences of climate change impacts on the alpine vegetation involve plant phenology (Rogora et al, 2018;Theurillat & Guisan, 2001), changes in community composition, extinction debt and thermophilization (e.g. Cannone et al, 2007;Cannone & Pignatti, 2014;Gottfried et al, 2012;Keller et al, 2005), upward migration of alpine species on mountain summits (Lenoir et al, 2008;Pauli et al, 2012;Steinbauer et al, 2018), shrub and tree encroachment (Cannone et al, 2007;Leonelli et al, 2016;Malfasi & Cannone, 2020) surface area changes (Cannone et al, 2007). Moreover, a dramatic reduction of suitable habitats for alpine plants is predicted by the end of the twenty-first century (Dirnböck et al, 2011;Engler et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytosociology of the vegetation communities of the Stelvio Pass area

Malfasi

Cannone

2021

Journal of Maps

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High elevation areas are sensitive and vulnerable to climate change and exhibited relatively rapid changes in response to warming involving changes of floristic composition, species upward migration, shrub and tree encroachment and surface area changes. For this reason, it is important to provide quantitative studies as tools allowing a long-term monitoring of vegetation in response to climate change. The Stelvio Pass area is a high elevation site located in the European Alps, and a unique case study on the alpine range providing historical detailed information on vegetation with the availability of phytosociological maps of vegetation elaborated in 1953 and 2003. Here we show and describe an updated and detailed phytosociological vegetation mapping which will constitute a robust base for the monitoring and quantitative assessment of any impacts of future climate and/or environmental change as well as a tool to plan suitable vegetation and biodiversity conservation actions in the alpine environment.

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The influence of topographic variables on treeline trees under different environmental conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 57 publications

The influence of road traffic and industrial plant-induced air pollution on the physical, mechanical, chemical and morphological properties of the black pine wood

The influence of road traffic and industrial plant-induced air pollution on the physical, mechanical, chemical and morphological properties of the black pine wood

Salix shrub encroachment along a 1000 m elevation gradient triggers a major ecosystem change in the European Alps

Phytosociology of the vegetation communities of the Stelvio Pass area

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