The Influence of Tropospheric Processes on Disturbances in the D and E Ionospheric Layers

Abstract

Determination of the physical mechanisms of the energy transfer of tropospheric disturbances to the ionosphere is one of the fundamental problems of atmospheric physics. This article presents the observational results of tropospheric and ionospheric disturbances during the passages of the solar terminator and solar eclipse. Lidar observations showed the occurrence of tropospheric regions with noticeably increased amplitudes of density, pressure, and temperature variations with periods corresponding to acoustic and internal gravity waves, which were generated in the troposphere during the development of these events. Simultaneous satellite measurements demonstrate the response of the ionosphere to these tropospheric disturbances. Based on the experimental data, we determine the typical periods and spatial scales of variations. It is shown that the response time of the ionosphere to tropospheric disturbances is 30–40 min.

Investigation of Large Scale Traveling Atmospheric/Ionospheric Disturbances Using the Coupled SAMI3 and GITM Models

“…TADs/TIDs can also be driven from below by volcanos, thunderstorms, thermospheric turbulence, etc. which form atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) in the lower thermosphere (Borchevkina et al., 2021; Cheng & Huang, 1992; Nicholls & Pielke, 2000; Pradipta et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2022). Few observations exist of AGWs due to their location in the lower thermosphere, however TADs have been observed with satellites such as the Gravity field and steady‐state Ocean Circulation Explorer and the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (Trinh et al., 2018).…”

Influence of temperature perturbation on moisture dynamics

“…Different-period waves interact with atmospheric disturbances brought about by the physical mechanisms behind the formation of cloud and precipitation [20][21][22] and according to experimental evidence, the response of the upper atmosphere occurs several hours after disturbances near the Earth's surface [23][24][25][26]. As a result, clouds and precipitations have a significant modulating effect on weather and climate scales [27][28][29][30][31]. Without considering the interaction of the atmosphere with various surfaces, the numerical computation of the perturbation effect of temperature and moist air density on lower atmospheric dynamics was done [1].…”

“…Legendre polynomial of n degree Q , l ¢ F latent heat relase and the friction dissipation of the saturated moist air that defined by the formulas (25) and (27) q j mixing ratio of the saturated moist amosphere r r , o ¢…”

Properties of Medium-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances Observed over Mexico During Quiet Solar Activity

“…The study of these disturbances is relevant because they are involved in the dynamic processes linked to the lower-upper atmosphere coupling. Thus, disturbances may travel from lower to the upper atmosphere, causing plasma irregularities [1,6,10]. Moreover, research on MSTIDs is also crucial for space weather since they can interfere with radio wave communications [12,15,30].…”