The Influence of Various Cerebral and Extracerebral Pathologies on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values in the Fetal Brain

Schönberg, Nadja; Weisstanner, Christian; Wiest, Roland; Bonél, Harald; Piechowiak, Eike Immo; Cullmann, Jennifer; Raio, Luigi; Pastore‐Wapp, Manuela; Slavova, Nedelina

doi:10.1111/jon.12727

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This myelination process causes significant reduction in RD, balanced by a slower decrease in AD due to the disappearance of cytoplasmic arborization. This evolution of DTI values has also been reported by other studies 37–43 .…”

Section: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Of Normal Brain Developmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Diffusion tensor imaging of fetal brain: principles, potential and limitations of promising technique

Corroënne

Arthuis

Kasprian

et al. 2022

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Human brain development is a complex process that begins in the third week of gestation. During early development, the fetal brain undergoes dynamic morphological changes. These changes result from events such as neurogenesis, neuronal migration, synapse formation, axonal growth and myelination. Disruption of any of these processes is thought to be responsible for a wide array of different pathologies. Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging, especially diffusion‐weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), have enabled characterization and evaluation of brain development in utero. In this review, aimed at practitioners involved in fetal medicine and high‐risk pregnancies, we provide a comprehensive overview of fetal DTI studies focusing on characterization of early normal brain development as well as evaluation of brain pathology in utero. We also discuss the reliability and limitations of fetal brain DTI. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

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Section: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Of Normal Brain Developmentsupporting

confidence: 90%

Diffusion tensor imaging of fetal brain: principles, potential and limitations of promising technique

Corroënne

Arthuis

Kasprian

et al. 2022

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…Numerous studies have reported that ADC values in the cerebral parenchyma could re ect differences in brain maturation and foetal brain growth [15,23,24]. In our study, the ADC differences between the cerebellar dysplasia and malformation groups did not differ signi cantly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 39%

Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar dysplasia or malformations and coexistent malformations: A retrospective study in a single institution

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Purpose: To clarify the prenatal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging characteristics of foetal cerebellar dysplasia/hypoplasia and developmental malformations and evaluate their diagnostic value. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed MR images of foetuses with suspected intracranial anomalies on screening ultrasound (US) on picture archiving communication system (PACS) servers within a five-year period in our institution. The main abnormal findings and coexistent anomalies were recorded by two experienced radiologists with census reading. The MRI and US results were paired and compared in each case. Results: We recruited 121 cases (average gestational week, 24.5 ± 4.7 weeks) with prenatal MR imaging, including sixty-two cases with simple cerebellar dysplasia or hypoplasia, thirty-one cases with other anomalies and twenty-eight cases with normal MR imaging findings. Cerebellar anomalies included intracranial haemorrhage, arachnoid cysts, Blake’s pouch cysts, Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar tonsil hernia and vermis absence. Coexistent cerebral malformations included hydrocephalus, cerebral haemorrhage, holoprosencephaly, brainstem/gyri malformation, ventriculomegaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Other detected systemic malformations included tethered cord syndromes (9 cases), club foot (1 case), cardiac malformation (1 case) and lip-palate cleft (1 case). Among 49 cases with both prenatal MR and US, MR imaging confirmed the diagnosis and/or provided more abnormal findings than US in 12 cases. Two dead babies after birth were recorded in cerebellar malformation group. Conclusion: Prenatal MR imaging could better show cerebellar anomalies and coexistent systemic malformations. As a complementary tool of US, MR imaging could help prenatal counselling and treatment selection at term.

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“…In the group with GA $ 26 weeks, our results corroborate previous abnormal ADC values in a smaller cohort of 3 fetuses with CHD with a mean GA of 34 weeks, reported by Berman et al, 14 who found that the ADC values of the thalamus in the CHD group were significantly higher than those in the control group; however, the values in the basal ganglia were not significantly different. Schönberg et al 15 also described ADC values in 8 fetuses affected by CHD with a mean GA of 32.5 weeks and found an increase in ADC values in all regions of the WM as well as in the basal ganglia, comparable with values found in healthy fetuses. In fetuses with CHD of ,26 weeks' GA, our results showed a significant reduction in the ADC values of the WM and pons compared with the control group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Another source of the difference is that the types of CHD included in the cohort study were diverse. Of note, these previous findings 14,15 in regional tissue development were associated with a more specific type of complex CHD: HLHS. However, other CHD types with decreased oxygen delivery to the brain can also be associated with prenatal neurologic injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

DWI in Brains of Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control MR Imaging Study

Ren

Zhu

et al. 2021

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Abnormal ADC values are seen in ischemic brain lesions such as acute or chronic hypoxia. We aimed to assess whether ADC values in the developing brain measured by in utero DWI were different in fetuses with congenital heart disease compared with healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In utero DWI was performed in 50 fetuses with congenital heart disease and 100 healthy controls at a similar gestational age. Pair-wise ADC values of the ROIs were manually delineated on each side of the frontal and periatrial WM and in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebellar hemisphere, as well as a single measurement in the pons. RESULTS:Fetuses with congenital heart disease had significantly lower ADC values in frontal and periatrial WM and the pons than controls (all P , .05) in the early stages of pregnancy. However, ADC values in the thalamus were higher for fetuses with congenital heart disease than for controls (gestational age, $26 weeks). For ADC values in the cerebellar hemisphere, there was no obvious significance between cases and controls (P ¼ .07) in the late stages of pregnancy. Basal ganglia ADC values were consistently not significantly different between the 2 groups during the early and late stages of pregnancy (P ¼ .47; .21). CONCLUSIONS:Abnormal brain diffusivity can be detected using in utero DWI in fetuses with congenital heart disease. Abnormal ADC values found at a mean gestational age of 26 weeks suggest structural changes, which may provide an early indicator of the impact of congenital heart disease on the developing brain. ABBREVIATIONS: CHD ¼ congenital heart disease; GA ¼ gestational age; HLHS ¼ hypoplastic left-heart syndrome; TGA ¼ transposition of the great arteries; TOF ¼ tetralogy of Fallot

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The Influence of Various Cerebral and Extracerebral Pathologies on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values in the Fetal Brain

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Diffusion tensor imaging of fetal brain: principles, potential and limitations of promising technique

Diffusion tensor imaging of fetal brain: principles, potential and limitations of promising technique

Prenatal magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar dysplasia or malformations and coexistent malformations: A retrospective study in a single institution

DWI in Brains of Fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease: A Case-Control MR Imaging Study

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