The influence of virus infections on the course of COPD

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is extensively influenced by viral infections. The mechanisms of how viral agents affect the pathogenesis and prognosis of COPD are numerous. In general, patients with infectious exacerbations are characterized by longer hospitalization periods and greater impairment of several lung function parameters than those with non-infectious exacerbations. Prodromal, clinical, and outcome parameters fail to distinguish virally from non-virally induced illnesses in cases of exacerbations. The importance of infections with respiratory and non-respiratory viral agents for pathogenesis and course of COPD is detailed. Human adenovirus, non-respiratory viruses including human immunodeficiency virus, human metapneumovirus, influenza virus, human rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus are especially stressed.

Respiratory viral infection: a potential “missing link” in the pathogenesis of COPD

“…Respiratory viruses preferentially target airway epithelial cells leading to epithelial cell sloughing, microvascular dilatation, oedema and immune cell infiltration [48]. There is increased susceptibility to bacterial infection and impaired mucociliary clearance [48,49]. HRV is the most commonly detected virus during disease exacerbations and the virus that has been studied to the greatest extent in the context of AECOPD.…”

“…SINGH et al [87] reported that HRV-encoded proteinase 2A induces both T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 responses from CD4 + T-cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cell activation in rhinovirus-initiated acute COPD exacerbation. The subsequent Th2 response results in elevated airway hyperactivity and contributes to more severe dyspnoea and accelerated lung function deterioration [42,49].…”

COVID-19 and clinical neuropsychology: A review of neuropsychological literature on acute and chronic pulmonary disease

“…Risk factors include lifestyle (especially tobacco smoking), environment, and genetics. A range of viral infections, including coronaviruses, have also been implicated in the pathogenesis and exacerbation of COPD (Frickmann et al, 2012). COPD is classified as an incurable disease but treatment options include medications (e.g.…”

Impact of respiratory viruses on the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Towards optimizing treatment

“…Связь обострений этого хронического заболевания и острых респираторных вирусных инфекций (ОРВИ) являлась предметом большого числа независимых исследований и в целом не вызыва-ет сомнений [7,8]. Вместе с тем продолжают уточняться извест-ные и раскрываются новые механизмы этой связи, модернизиру-ются представления о роли вирусов в формировании фенотипов ХОБЛ с частыми обострениями.…”