The Influence of Water Quality Change on the Corrosion Process in Galvanized Pipes of Fire Protection Installations

Wojtkowska, Małgorzata; Malesińska, Agnieszka; Machowska, Agnieszka; Puntorieri, Pierfabrizio; Barbaro, Giuseppe; Fiamma, Vincenzo; Biedugnis, S.

doi:10.3390/su14137708

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The RSIs obtained in the rivers were all above 8.5 (RSI > 8.5) indicating that the water is rigorously corrosive [37]. The neutral zone of the Ryznar index is more or less the numerical value of six according to Wojtkowska et al [65]. The Larson-Skold Index result revealed that all the water types assessed were severely corrosive (LS > 1.2) and the ratio of the concentration of chloride and sulfate ions to the concentration of bicarbonate and carbonate ions will interfere with natural film formation (LS > 0.8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The RSI obtained in the rivers were all above 8.5 (RSI > 8.5) indicating that the water is rigorously corrosive [37]. The neutral zone of the Ryznar index is more or less the numerical value six according to Wojtkowska et al [65]. Generally, any value above six indicates that the water is likely to form a CaCO 3 scale.…”

Section: Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies And Spatial Distribution ...mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The Larson-Skold Index result revealed that all the water types assessed were severely corrosive (LS > 1.2) and the ratio of the concentration of chloride and sulfate ions to the concentration of bicarbonate and carbonate ions will interfere with natural film formation (LS > 0.8) according to Wojtkowska et al [65] and Omeka et al [36]. In this river waters, 0% of the samples showed a value less than 0.8, indicating high corrosion and a high scaling tendency.…”

Section: Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies And Spatial Distribution ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Characterization of the Hydrochemistry, Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies, and Irrigation Suitability of the Water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji

Alum,

Abugu,

Onwujiogu

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Assessing water quality is necessary to ascertain its viability for domestic, industrial, and agricultural purposes. A total of 48 water samples were, respectively, drawn from the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji located in Ezeagu and Uzo-uwani which are typical rural areas in Enugu State, Nigeria. These samples were taken in two seasons (early rainy season and late dry season). Physicochemical properties were determined using standard methods. The scaling and corrosivity potentials of the water were evaluated using the Larson-Skold index, aggressive index, Puckorius scaling index, and Ryznar stability index models. Additionally, seven irrigation evaluation criteria, as well as spatial distribution maps, were used to determine the suitability of the river waters for irrigation purposes and to interpolate the spatial distribution of the river water quality parameters. Major ion chemistry was used in the assessments. The physicochemical properties of river waters fell within the recommended standard values. However, NO3- greatly exceeded the recommended range in both rivers. The cations and anions from River Karawa were Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > Na+ and NO3− > Cl− > SO42− > HCO3− > CO3− > PO4−, while those from River Iyiaji were Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+ and Cl− > SO42− >NO3− > PO4− > HCO3− > CO3−. A piper plot showed the predominance of Ca2+ and Mg+, as well as SO42− and Cl−, in both rivers. The seven irrigation assessment indices indicated that the water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji is suitable for irrigation purposes. In addition, the scaling and corrosivity models predicted that the river waters have high scaling and corrosivity potentials. Specifically, while the aggressive index suggested that it is severely corrosive, the Langelier saturation index suggested that the water from both rivers is supersaturated and, thus, has potential to scale.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies And Spatial Distribution ...mentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies And Spatial Distribution ...mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Characterization of the Hydrochemistry, Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies, and Irrigation Suitability of the Water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji

Alum,

Abugu,

Onwujiogu

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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Study the corrosion issues on galvanized steel induced in water tanks

Gaber,

Mohamed,

Abdelfatah

2023

Chem. Pap.

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Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and cyclic voltammetry tests were employed to assess the effects of sodium hypochlorite concentration and pH on the corrosion characteristics of galvanized steel in water tanks. Pitting corrosion appeared on the galvanized steel concurrently in neutral drinkable water. Passivation developed after exposure to 70 mg/L sodium hypochlorite solutions. The results demonstrated that adding NaClO to wastewater solutions reduced the corrosion rate. The corrosion rate of wastewater is 568.7 m/y, which can be reduced by adding NaClO to a lower value of 22.94 m/y at 70 mg/L. NaClO has the maximum efficiency at 70 mg/L, with a value of 95.96%. It was discovered that the galvanized steel in potable water was sensitive to passivation dissolution when hypochlorite solutions with concentrations ranging from 30 to 70 mg/L were added. However, hypochlorite solutions with concentrations greater than 150 mg/L cause significant corrosion on galvanized steel. The PDP and cyclic voltammetry findings revealed that the galvanized steel had good passivation properties under high 70 mg/L sodium hypochlorite concentrations. Only the sodium hypochlorite decreased the amounts of all sessile microorganism families. The scanning electron microscope was employed to check the corroded samples' morphology. Pitting corrosion was discovered alongside galvanic corrosion and uniform corrosion.Kindly check and confirm whether the corresponding author mail ID is correctly identified.Confirmed

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Analysis of the Corrosion Process with the Application of the Novel Type of Coupon Installation

Musik¹,

Wójcik²,

Sekuła-Wybańska³

et al. 2022

Processes

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The corrosion process leads to high power consumption, high maintenance costs and the loss of commercial income during downtime in various branches of industry. The proper methods to measure and forecast the corrosion process would help intervene in process production where corrosion is a common phenomenon. Therefore, the main aim of this experimental study is to improve the widely used corrosion monitoring methods with corrosion coupons. As part of this work, the installation for testing corrosion process under controlled conditions and with the application of mild steel coupons is proposed. The measurement concept is to install the coupons in a stream with the corrosion liquid (these conditions should be controlled). The numerical simulations of the fluid flow in the coupon installation were carried out, and the obtained results in the form of a velocity map allowed us to propose the placement of the coupons in the tested installation in such a way that the flowing liquid evenly washed the coupon surface. The developed coupon installation was tested for aggressive corrosive conditions, which were assessed using the water stability indices (Langelier Saturation Index and Ryznar stability index). Moreover, the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analysis characterised the liquid samples from the tested coupon installation. The corrosion process for the applied conditions was defined based on the corrosion rate of the tested coupons. This process was also confirmed by obtaining the Raman spectrum for the used corrosion coupons. The obtained investigation contributes significantly by developing the novel coupon installation and demonstrating the procedure for testing the corrosion process with the application of coupons. This setup and method might be successfully applied for accelerated laboratory tests.

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The Influence of Water Quality Change on the Corrosion Process in Galvanized Pipes of Fire Protection Installations

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Characterization of the Hydrochemistry, Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies, and Irrigation Suitability of the Water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji

Characterization of the Hydrochemistry, Scaling and Corrosivity Tendencies, and Irrigation Suitability of the Water of the Rivers Karawa and Iyiaji

Study the corrosion issues on galvanized steel induced in water tanks

Analysis of the Corrosion Process with the Application of the Novel Type of Coupon Installation

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