The influence of water/rock − water/clay interactions and mixing in the salinization processes of groundwater

Walter, Julien; Chesnaux, Romain; Cloutier, Vincent; Gaboury, Damien

doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2017.07.004

Cited by 57 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The other 23 chemical elements of the regional-scale database were excluded from the multivariate statistical analysis because they had >25% of data below the DL. Conceptual cross-section showing the two paths followed by groundwater mineralization towards a brackish endmember in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region (modified from Walter et al [5]).…”

Section: The Statistical Treatment Of the Regional Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were analyzed for a total of 37 elements-major (6), minor (5), and trace elements (26)-from a 321 sample dataset [5]. Figure 1 shows the location of the sampling sites.…”

Section: The Statistical Treatment Of the Regional Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to [5], groundwater mineralization follows two pathways in the SLSJ region ( Figure 3). Each of the two salinization paths exerts a major and different influence on the chemical signature of groundwater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the groundwater in the SLSJ area is largely of good quality, water with excessive trace element concentrations relative to Canadian drinking water quality guidelines [14], such as fluoride (>1.5 mg/L), barium (>1 mg/L), manganese (>0.05 mg/L), iron (>0.3 mg/L), and aluminum (>0.1 mg/L), have been identified [8]. Fluor are among the chemical elements that have been excluded from the multivariate statistical analysis performed by [5]. Approximately 20% of the samples from the regional-scale dataset have groundwater fluoride levels exceeding the World Health Organization [4] standards [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since Fluoride can have serious health consequences for humans [15], government and municipal authorities are interested in characterizing its source [8]. Conceptual cross-section showing the two paths followed by groundwater mineralization towards a brackish endmember in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region (modified from Walter et al [5]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subsampling of Regional-Scale Database for improving Multivariate Analysis Interpretation of Groundwater Chemical Evolution and Ion Sources

et al. 2019

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: Multivariate statistics are widely and routinely used in the field of hydrogeochemistry. Trace elements, for which numerous samples show concentrations below the detection limit (censored data from a truncated dataset), are removed from the dataset in the multivariate treatment. This study now proposes an approach that consists of avoiding the truncation of the dataset of some critical elements, such as those recognized as sensitive elements regarding human health (fluoride, iron, and manganese). The method aims to reduce the dataset to increase the statistical representativeness of critical elements. This method allows a robust statistical comparison between a regional comprehensive dataset and a subset of this regional database. The results from hierarchical Cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were generated and compared with results from the whole dataset. The proposed approach allowed for improvement in the understanding of the chemical evolution pathways of groundwater. Samples from the subset belong to the same flow line from a statistical point of view, and other samples from the database can then be compared with the samples of the subset and discussed according to their stage of evolution. The results obtained after the introduction of fluoride in the multivariate treatment suggest that dissolved fluoride can be gained either from the interaction of groundwater with marine clays or from the interaction of groundwater with Precambrian bedrock aquifers. The results partly explain why the groundwater chemical background of the region is relatively high in fluoride contents, resulting in frequent excess in regards to drinking water standards.

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Section: The Statistical Treatment Of the Regional Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were analyzed for a total of 37 elements-major (6), minor (5), and trace elements (26)-from a 321 sample dataset [5]. Figure 1 shows the location of the sampling sites.…”

Section: The Statistical Treatment Of the Regional Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subsampling of Regional-Scale Database for improving Multivariate Analysis Interpretation of Groundwater Chemical Evolution and Ion Sources

et al. 2019

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Groundwater recharge over the past 100 years: Regional spatiotemporal assessment and climate change impact over the Saguenay‐Lac‐Saint‐Jean region, Canada

Boumaiza

Walter

Chesnaux

et al. 2022

Hydrological Processes

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Proper knowledge of potential groundwater recharge (PGR) and its spatiotemporal distribution are essential for sustainable groundwater management, especially within the context of climate change. Here, a robust GIS‐based water budget framework was developed to estimate PGR at a regional scale and map its spatial distribution. This framework is demonstrated over the Saguenay‐Lac‐Saint‐Jean region (13 200 km2) of Quebec (Canada). The PGR mapping process was based on a model incorporating water budget components. The vertical inflows (VI) include water amounts from rainfall and snowmelt, whereby the latter was assessed using HYDROTEL model. VI were combined with the maximum and minimum temperatures to estimate actual evapotranspiration (AET), while the surface runoff (RuS) was assessed using the curve number method. Field observations of annual variation in temperatures and the water budget components, over a period of 100 years (1910–2009), were used to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of climate change on PGR. The last 10 years of the observation period (i.e., 2000–2009) indicate that 6% of the study area has PGR rates of 35%–50%. PGR rates of 20%–35% occur in 58% of the study area, while 36% have PGR of 5%–20%. The trend analysis of temperature time series reveals an average of 1.1 ± 0.6°C increase over 100 years. Also, an increase in the water budget components is observed. Despite the increasing trends of RuS and AET, PGR still showed an increasing trend with an average increase of 0.7 ± 0.4 mm/year over the past 100 years. This observation indicates that the increase in VI was enough to compensate for the increases in AET and RuS. This finding of an increasing PGR in the study area provides useful information for future studies focusing on predicting long‐term PGR evolution and for the development of efficient long‐term groundwater management strategies.

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Research on the relation between hydro‐chemical and geological characteristics in karst area: Case study in Zhong Liang Mountain, Southwest China

Jing,

Ping,

Qing

et al. 2024

Water Environment Research

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Karst groundwater, which is one of most important drinking water sources, is vulnerable to be polluted as its closed hydraulic relation with surface water. Thus, it is very important to identify the groundwater source to control groundwater pollution. The Pearson correlation coefficient among major ions (Na + K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3−, SO42−, and Cl−) was employed to deduce the groundwater types in Zhong Liang Mountain, Southwest China. Then, the combined method of principal component analysis and cluster analysis were employed to identify the groundwater sources in a typical karst region of southwest China. The results shown that (1) the high positive correlation between cations and anions indicated the water–rock reaction of Ca‐HCO3, Ca‐SO4, (Na + K)‐Cl, and Mg‐SO4. (2) The major two principal components that would represent water–rock reaction of CaSO4 and Ca‐HCO3 would, respectively, explain 60.41% and 31.80% of groundwater information. (3) Based on the two principal components, 33 groundwater samples were clustered into eight groups through hierarchical clustering, each group has similar water–rock reaction. The findings would be employed to forecast the surge water, that was an important work for tunnel construction and operation.Practitioner Points The components of groundwater was highly correlated with water–rock reaction. The principal component analysis screens the types of groundwater. The cluster analysis identifies the groundwater sources.

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The influence of water/rock − water/clay interactions and mixing in the salinization processes of groundwater

Cited by 57 publications

References 44 publications

Subsampling of Regional-Scale Database for improving Multivariate Analysis Interpretation of Groundwater Chemical Evolution and Ion Sources

Subsampling of Regional-Scale Database for improving Multivariate Analysis Interpretation of Groundwater Chemical Evolution and Ion Sources

Groundwater recharge over the past 100 years: Regional spatiotemporal assessment and climate change impact over the Saguenay‐Lac‐Saint‐Jean region, Canada

Research on the relation between hydro‐chemical and geological characteristics in karst area: Case study in Zhong Liang Mountain, Southwest China

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