The Influence of Western Countries’ Sanctions on the Development of the Russian Exit Tourism

Abstract

The article is devoted to the influence of Western countries' sanctions on the current state of the Russian tourist market. The tourist services market of the period before sanctions is compared with its modern condition. The reasons of the exit tourism crisis and their connection with sanctions against Russia are analyzed. Keywords: economic sanctions, Russian tourist market, tourist season of 2014, entrance tourism in Finland, dumping, ruble devaluation, crisis, bankruptcies of tour operators, consequences of sanctions on tourism Besides, the humanitarian aspect of sanction policy should be taken into account. As a matter of fact, one of the ideas of the sanctions concept is in imposing the maximal harm on the people of the country under the sanctions. This is done to make the people more actively influence its government in order to change the social-economic and political conditions. In other words, sanctions finally worsen the condition of common people, not elites. Many of them are middle class people, who are the main consumers of tourist services. Sanctions lead to lowering the living standard of people, to degradation of social sphere and services, and the reduction of tourist trips and tourist expenses is a sign of such degradation. Note that these two indicators (tourist trips and tourist expenses) are the key indicators of the development of the national and international tourism. There are a lot of research on statistical and econometric models allowing to study the connections between the trips characteristics and the influence of tourism on economy. A number of models analyze the impact of various factors on individual expenses (Brida & Scuderi, 2013; Wang & Davidson, 2010). These models allow to assess the influence of various demand variables on the general volume of tourist www.ccsenet.org/ass

Russian Women Traveling: A Sociocultural Perspective

“…Two periods for the Russian market of tourist services are before and after economic sanctions (Ovcharov, Ismagilova, Ziganshin & Rysayeva, 2015). And the Soviet period had three stages.…”

“…EU sanctions prohibited some categories of people (for example police and governmental workers) from traveling abroad (Kozlov & Popov, 2015). The analysis by Ovcharov et al (2015) proposed four impacts of the 2013-2015 tourism industry crisis: 1. The previously mentioned national currency crisis and fall in demand for tourism services 2.…”

“…Other reasons such as the fingerprinting procedure when applying for a Schengen visa and the trust of tour operators. Overall, Ovcharov et al (2015) discuss a Russian tourism reorientation from outbound to domestic.…”

“…At the time of this research, there was external political and economic mistrust towards Russia. The TV news was full of negativity, telling Russians that the world was against them (Ovcharov et al, 2015).…”