The influence of wine polyphenols on reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production by rat macrophages RAW 264.7

Abstract

The aim was to study the antioxidant properties of four wine polyphenols (flavonoids catechin, epicatechin, and quercetin, and hydroxystilbene resveratrol). All three flavonoids exerted significant and dose-dependent scavenging effects against peroxyl radical and nitric oxide in chemical systems. The scavenging effect of resveratrol was significantly lower. All polyphenols decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by RAW264.7 macrophages. Only quercetin quenched ROS produced by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages incubated for 24 h with polyphenols. Quercetin and resveratrol decreased the release of nitric oxide by these cells in a dose-dependent manner which corresponded to a decrease in iNOS expression in the case of quercetin. In conclusion, the higher number of hydroxyl substituents is an important structural feature of flavonoids in respect to their scavenging activity against ROS and nitric oxide, while C-2,3 double bond (present in quercetin and resveratrol) might be important for inhibition of ROS and nitric oxide production by RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Antioxidative Activity of Wines and Individual Phenolics Determined Using a Recently Developed Assay Based on DC Polarography

“…In our study, flavonoids (CAT, ELL, QUE) showed higher ability to scavenge H 2 O 2 than hydroxystilbene (RES). Obtained results corroborate well with previously published data 5 . Total AO activity assay described here has potential to surpass the main disadvantages of standard, widely accepted AO assays, such as time-consuming experimental procedure, requirement of either fresh biological tissues or artificial reactive species etc.…”

On the Development of a Cutaneous Flavonoid Delivery System: Advances and Limitations

“…Quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) are among the flavonoids that have been extensively studied on their ability to affect iNOS activity and NO production. They have been found to inhibit iNOS expression via the downregulation of extracellular signal regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and p38 MAPK phosphorylation and by preventing the binding of NF-κB to the iNOS gene promoter [71,[73][74][75][76][77]. In addition, several flavonoids have been shown to interfere with the production and function of various pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules, such as TNF-α; IL-1β, -6, and -8; monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1); macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2); vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM); and P-selectin by inhibiting the MAPK pathways, by blocking NF-κB nuclear translocation, and via COX-2 synthesis [78][79][80][81][82][83][84].…”

Traditional Uses, Nutritional and Pharmacological Potentials of Clerodendrum volubile

“…Nevertheless, much attention has been given to the phenolic-rich extracts, possibly due to their significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic properties, as well as the cardioprotective property through inhibition of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) [29,30]. The hydroxyl groups in the phenolics are accountable for their strong antioxidant activity [31,32]. These hydroxyl groups have the capacity to donate an electron to unstable free radicals.…”