This study examines the long-term associations among parental support, extra-familial partner support, and the trajectories of sense of mastery from adolescence to the early adulthood years. Ten waves of panel data collected over a 16-year period from the Iowa Family Transitions Project (N = 527) were used to test the hypotheses. Results indicated that parental support in adolescence was initially associated with higher levels of sense of mastery and with greater extra-familial partner support during the transition to adulthood. Higher extra-familial partner support was subsequently associated with an increase in sense of mastery during the transition to adulthood. Overall, our results underscore the importance of mastery in smoothing the adjustment to adulthood and the importance of supportive relationships in shaping a healthy sense of mastery.
Keywords
Parent-child relationships; Partner support; Sense of mastery trajectoriesThe years leading to adulthood have received attention from many scholars (e.g., Arnett, 2000;Gore, Aseltine, Colten, & Lin, 1997;Schulenberg, Bryant, & O'Malley, 2004;Tanner, 2006). Transition to leave parental home, the development of intimacy in friendships and romantic relationships, and development of the sense of efficacy and individuation are among the most salient adjustments during this period (Arnett, 2007; Scharf, Mayseless, & Kivenson-Baron, 2004). Understanding the psychological processes during these years is necessary to predict successful transitions into adulthood (Masten et al., 2004). As an important psychological resource for adaptation (Pearlin, Lieberman, Menaghan, & Mullan, 1981;Taylor & Stanton, 2007), knowledge of how the sense of mastery changes over time is crucial. A weak sense of mastery during the transition to adulthood is especially risky because it creates greater susceptibility to social and psychological problems (Repetti, Taylor, & Seeman, 2002). Unfortunately, few researchers have examined factors that influence the change in sense of mastery during the transition from adolescence to early adulthood.Pearlin and his colleagues (1981) proposed that sense of mastery is a learned, generalized subjective expectation that one's own choices and actions determine outcomes of situations.* Corresponding author. Tel.: + 1 515 294 2109; fax: + 1 515 294 6424 fsurjadi@iastate.edu (F. F. Surjadi).Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. People with a high sense of mastery believe they are able to influence the environment to achieve desired outcomes, whereas people with a low sense of mastery tend to believe ...