The Influences of Daily Stressors on Morning Cortisol Levels in Midlife and Older Retirees: The Moderating Roles of Age and Gender

Wong, Jen D.; Shobo, Yetty

doi:10.1177/0898264316645551

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…However, Bai et al 2017 found that among children acute stressors regarding social interactions and education were positively associated with single measurements of cortisol levels at waking up [ 101 ]. All other studies found no direct association between CAR, single measurements of cortisol levels at waking-up and number of acute stressors [ 25 , 102 – 106 ] in general and regarding caregiving of children with fragile X syndrome [ 102 ]. There were also no associations found regarding number [ 107 ] and occurrence [ 108 – 110 ] of acute stressors due to social interactions and severity of acute stressors [ 25 , 104 , 111 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological reactions to acute stressors and subjective stress during daily life: A systematic review on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies

Weber

Apolinário-Hagen

2022

PLoS ONE

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Objective This review aims to provide an overview of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies analyzing stress reactivity during daily life in terms of direct and moderated influence of acute stress on physiological responses. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was performed on November 29, 2021 using Web of Science, MEDLINE and PsycINFO to identify prospective EMA studies targeting acute stressors or stress under naturalistic conditions, without restrictions of publication date or population. Study quality was assessed for multiple EMA-specific sources of bias. Results Out of 4285 non-duplicate records, 107 publications involving 104 unique studies were included. The majority of studies assessed acute physiological stress responses primarily through salivary cortisol (n = 59) and cardiovascular outcomes (n = 32). Most studies performed at least three measurements per day (n = 59), and had a moderate risk of recall bias (n = 68) and confounding (n = 85). Fifty-four studies reported a compliance of ≥80%. Direct, non-moderated positive associations were observed between acute stress exposure and concurrent cortisol levels (44%, n = 11/25), systolic (44%, 8/18) and diastolic blood pressure (53%, 8/15) and heart rate (53%, 9/17). Several inter- and intra-individual moderators were identified, such as age, gender, health status, chronic stress, work-related resources, physical activity and stress coping indicators. Conclusions About half of the reviewed EMA studies demonstrated direct associations between everyday acute stress exposure and physiological responses, including increased cortisol levels, blood pressure and heart rate. Results further suggested various moderator variables that could help develop tailored prevention strategies and identify groups at higher risk for dysfunctional stress responses. Registration PROSPERO—Reg.-No.: PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020163178.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological reactions to acute stressors and subjective stress during daily life: A systematic review on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies

Weber

Apolinário-Hagen

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…In spite of these limitations, the current study has notable strengths, including a large and diverse sample of community-dwelling adults, diverse assessments of resting and non-stress cortisol in different contexts, a rich array of measures of psychosocial functioning and health, and an analytical approach designed to illuminate the strengths of association between different cortisol indices and psychosocial and health measures. Previous studies, including those using the cortisol data from the MIDUS cohort, have contributed well-developed models that frame our understanding of how certain cortisol indices are related to many psychosocial factors, including socioeconomic status, life satisfaction [19], well-being [23], depression [56], negative affect [57], daily stressors, positive events [7, 58, 59], and physical health [60]. This study adds to this prior work by explicating the extent to which cortisol indices used across these studies represent the same or distinct underlying aspects of HPA axis activity and the degree to which each is linked to diverse psychosocial and health factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative sensitivity of cortisol indices to psychosocial and physical health factors

et al. 2019

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Objective Regulation of cortisol under resting conditions is widely used to assess physical and psychological status, but due to the diversity of possible assessments (e.g., cumulative levels; diurnal patterns), considering one or a few at a time hampers understanding and interpretation. Moreover, most studies of cortisol regulation focus on negatively-valanced experiences. This study examined the inter-correlations among cortisol indices and their relative contribution to the explained variance in diverse psychosocial and health factors, including positive functioning. Methods Data are from midlife and older adults (N = 513; 47.2% male). Cortisol was assessed in urine (overnight) and saliva (at rest and over 4 consecutive days). Positive and negative psychosocial and health factors were assessed by self-report. In addition to examining associations among cortisol indices, relative weight analysis was used to determine which indices were most robustly linked to specific psychosocial factors. Results Inter-correlations among indices were weak-to-moderate, suggesting that they measure different aspects of hypothalamic-pituitary-axis activity. Overall variance in psychosocial and health factors ( R 2 ) explained by the cortisol indices ranged from 0.01 to 0.07. Of this explained variance, relative weight analysis showed that waking cortisol contributed most to the variance in hedonic well-being (32.1%–38.2%), bedtime cortisol to depression-related factors (32.1%–46.9%), the cortisol awakening response to eudaimonic well-being (35.8%–50.5%), cortisol slope to perceived stress (29.2%), and urinary cortisol to physical factors (38.5% and 62.7%). Conclusions Positive and negative factors were related to largely non-overlapping cortisol indices. This study illuminates nuanced associations among cortisol indices and diverse aspects of mental and physical health, facilitating thoughtful examination of the complex role of hypothalamic-pituitary-axis activity in health.

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“…Similarly, Friedman and Ryff (2012) used the multiplicative interaction terms between the number of chronic conditions and the psychological functioning measures to examine how the effect of chronic conditions on IL-6 can be buffered by different factors, including positive relationships with others and PIL. In another study, Wong and Shobo (2017) used the regression interaction approach under the multilevel modeling to test whether the effect of daily stressor on the level of stress, measured by cortisol level, was differed by age and gender. While this method is valuable in acknowledging the contribution of prespecified moderators to buffering the negative effects of adversity, it is subject to limitations that specific hypothesis about the moderators needs to be made in advance and the differential effects are tested given the constraints of the limited set of moderators (Van Horn et al, 2015).…”

Section: Analytical Methods For Moderation Effects In Psychologicalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Methods For Moderation Effects In Psychological W...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have explored individual differences in reactions to challenges through examining moderation effects of demographic variables, including age and gender. Specifically, Wong and Shobo (2017) examined the differential effects of a number of daily stressors on the cortisol level-a biomarker of stress-by age and gender. Findings showed that older retirees were more vulnerable to daily stressors as evidenced by greater risk for subsequent hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysregulation than their younger counterparts.…”

Section: Protective Factors To Mental and Physical Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Differential Effects of Somatic Amplification to Positive Affect in Midlife and Late Adulthood—A Regression Mixture Approach

Kim¹,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Int J Aging Hum Dev

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This study aims to provide an empirical demonstration of a novel method, regression mixture model, by examining differential effects of somatic amplification to positive affect and identifying the predictors that contribute to the differential effects. Data derived from the second wave of Midlife in the United States. The analytic sample consisted of 1,766 adults aged from 33 to 84 years. Regression mixture models were fitted using Mplus 7.4, and a two-step model-building approach was adopted. Three latent groups were identified consisting of a maladaptive (32.1%), a vulnerable (62.5%), and a resilient (5.4%) group. Six covariates (i.e., age, education level, positive relations with others, purpose in life, depressive symptoms, and physical health) significantly predicted the latent class membership in the regression mixture model. The study demonstrated the regression mixture model to be a flexible and efficient statistical tool in assessing individual differences in response to adversity and identifying resilience factors, which contributes to aging research.

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The Influences of Daily Stressors on Morning Cortisol Levels in Midlife and Older Retirees: The Moderating Roles of Age and Gender

Abstract: Together, better identification of the associations between daily stressors and physiological functioning will help contribute to the knowledge on ways to promote greater quality of life in retirement.

Cited by 5 publications

References 70 publications

Physiological reactions to acute stressors and subjective stress during daily life: A systematic review on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies

Physiological reactions to acute stressors and subjective stress during daily life: A systematic review on ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies

Relative sensitivity of cortisol indices to psychosocial and physical health factors

Assessing Differential Effects of Somatic Amplification to Positive Affect in Midlife and Late Adulthood—A Regression Mixture Approach

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