The Influences of Family Leisure Patterns on Perceptions of Family Functioning^*

Abstract

This study conducted a preliminary test of a model of family leisure functioning by examining the relationship of core and balance family leisure patterns to family cohesion and adaptability. We hypothesized that core family leisure patterns address family needs for stability, facilitate the development of cohesive relationships, and are related to perceptions of family cohesion, whereas balance family leisure patterns address family needs for change, facilitate the development of adaptive skills, and are related to perceptions of family adaptability. Findings from 2 multiple regression analyses provided preliminary support for the model. Conclusions and implications are discussed.

Family experiences of visitor attractions in New Zealand: differing opportunities for ‘family time’ and ‘own time’

“…This is despite most studies of family time use suggesting that parents are now more involved in their children's life than were previous generations (Bianchi, Robinson, and Milkie 2006;Gauthier, Smeeding, and Furstenberg 2004). Research indicates that for a family to function well, time spent together is key (e.g., Lehto et al 2009;Shaw and Dawson 2001;Zabriskie and McCormick 2001), and visitor attractions become increasingly important for families as enablers of this desired quality family time. Family holidays, family leisure and family outings are identified in the literature to have positive contributions to families (e.g., Lee, Graefe, and Burns 2008;McCabe, Joldersma, and Li 2010;Petrick and Durko 2013), such as strengthening of relationships, enhanced communication and an increased sense of well-being.…”

Attitudes and Perceptions on Potential Development of Nature-Based Enterprises among Landowners in the Alabama Black Belt

“…Participation in nature-based activities is considered to be a vital part of children's development which is related to quality of life and future life outcomes. Larger households have a greater motivation for recreational activities as family leisure is often considered as vital to the growth and socialization of children and overall family cohesion (Shaw & Dawson, 2001), adaptability, communication, and overall family functioning (Zabriskie & McCormick, 2001.…”

Non-resident fathers’ holidays alone with their children: experiences, meanings and fatherhood

“…Those holidays can help restore a balance within family functioning and achieve greater family cohesion which is usually provided by core or everyday leisure in a family systems framework (Zabriskie & McCormick, 2001). There is an underexplored aspect of fatherhood that is perhaps more specific to holidays because it allows fathers to experience extended periods of time in leisure contexts and holiday settings with their children, to negotiate values and develop skills, to build lasting relationships (also with overseas family)and share memories, and to be a good father.…”

“…According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD, 2011) Holidays and leisure travel are important aspects of many families' time together (Shaw, Havitz, & Delemere, 2008). Family holidays form the balance part of the "core and balance" model of family leisure functioning within a family systems framework (Zabriskie & McCormick, 2001), where core or everyday leisure provides familiarity and greater cohesion while balance or away from home leisure is related to family adaptability (Buswell et al, 2012). However, despite the number and proportion of families that experience separation and divorce in New Zealand and other countries, research into their leisure travel decisions, behaviours, experiences and the meanings of those balance experiences have attracted little attention from leisure and tourism scholars.…”