The Influences of Water Quality on the Welfare of Farmed Rainbow Trout: A Review

MacIntyre, Craig; Ellis, Tim; North, Ben; Turnbull, James

doi:10.1002/9780470697610.ch10

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Sudden changes in the fish stocking density, growth rate, feeding rate or water volume can elicit rapid changes in water quality; hence, regular measurement of those critical water quality parameters is essential. The deterioration of water quality parameters affects fish physiology, growth rate, and feed efficiency, leading to pathological changes and even mortality under extreme conditions [4,5]. In terms of aquaponic systems and considering the fish welfare issues, carrying capacity is of major concern for maintaining the balance between plant and fish requirements in a co-culture medium.…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optimal temperatures for growth and spawning have been examined for many species that are important to aquaponics. Increasing the temperature has been found to increase the growth and infectiousness of many fish pathogens [4] as well as the toxicity of many dissolved contaminants [9]. All of these factors have the capacity to compromise the health of fish under aquaponic conditions.…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the total ammonia concentration is the sum of the concentrations of un-ionised ammonia and ionised ammonium. The equilibrium between the NH 3 and NH 4 + varies in relation to the various factors, most significantly the concentration of hydrogen ions (i.e., pH) and temperature.…”

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Yıldız

Robaina

Pirhonen

et al. 2017

Water

175

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Abstract:Aquaponics is the combination of aquaculture (fish) and hydroponic cultivation of plants. This review examines fish welfare in relation to rearing water quality, fish feed and fish waste and faeces to develop a sustainable aquaponic system where the co-cultured organisms, fish, bacteria in biofilters and plants, should be considered holistically in all aquaponics operations. Water quality parameters are the primary environmental consideration for optimizing aquaponic production and for directly impacting fish welfare/health issues and plant needs. In aquaponic systems, the uptake of nutrients should be maximised for the healthy production of the plant biomass but without neglecting the best welfare conditions for the fish in terms of water quality. Measures to reduce the risks of the introduction or spread of diseases or infection and to increase biosecurity in aquaponics are also important. In addition, the possible impacts of allelochemicals, i.e., chemicals released by the plants, should be taken into account. Moreover, the effect of diet digestibility, faeces particle size and settling ratio on water quality should be carefully considered. As available information is very limited, research should be undertaken to better elucidate the relationship between appropriate levels of minerals needed by plants, and fish metabolism, health and welfare. It remains to be investigated whether and to what extent the concentrations of suspended solids that can be found in aquaponic systems can compromise the health of fish. Water quality, which directly affects fish health and well-being, is the key factor to be considered in all aquaponic systems.

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Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Yıldız

Robaina

Pirhonen

et al. 2017

Water

175

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“…Suboptimal water quality is a stressor and can affect physiology, behaviour, growth rate, feed intake and conversion and lead to pathological changes, damage to organs and mortality. (MacIntyre et al 2008).…”

Section: Determine Critical Control Points (Ccps)mentioning

confidence: 95%

Fish welfare assurance system: initial steps to set up an effective tool to safeguard and monitor farmed fish welfare at a company level

Vis

Poelman

Lambooij

et al. 2012

Fish Physiol Biochem

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The objective was to take a first step in the development of a process-oriented quality assurance (QA) system for monitoring and safeguarding of fish welfare at a company level. A process-oriented approach is focused on preventing hazards and involves establishment of critical steps in a process that requires careful control. The seven principles of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) concept were used as a framework to establish the QA system. HACCP is an internationally agreed approach for management of food safety, which was adapted for the purpose of safeguarding and monitoring the welfare of farmed fish. As the main focus of this QA system is farmed fish welfare assurance at a company level, it was named Fish Welfare Assurance System (FWAS). In this paper we present the initial steps of setting up FWAS for on growing of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), carp (Cyprinus carpio) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Four major hazards were selected, which were fish species dependent. Critical Control Points (CCPs) that need to be controlled to minimize or avoid the four hazards are presented. For FWAS, monitoring of CCPs at a farm level is essential. For monitoring purposes, Operational Welfare Indicators (OWIs) are needed to establish whether critical biotic, abiotic, managerial and environmental factors are controlled. For the OWIs we present critical limits/target values. A critical limit is the maximum or minimum value to which a factor must be controlled at a critical control point to prevent, eliminate or reduce a hazard to an acceptable level. For managerial factors target levels are more appropriate than critical limits. Regarding the international trade of farmed fish products, we propose that FWAS needs to be standardized in aquaculture chains. For this standardization a consensus on the concept of fish welfare, methods to assess welfare objectively and knowledge on the needs of farmed fish are required.

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“…Others reported that the pollution of water bodies have led to more parasitic infestation of the host due to the presence of more intermediate hosts which subsequently affected the growth, development and survival of fish 39 . Some investigators also stated that quality of water has a potential to affect the health of a fish directly 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalencia de helmintos parásitos en peces (Salmo trutta y Schizothorax plagiostomus) en India

et al. 2018

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The Influences of Water Quality on the Welfare of Farmed Rainbow Trout: A Review

Cited by 42 publications

References 67 publications

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Fish Welfare in Aquaponic Systems: Its Relation to Water Quality with an Emphasis on Feed and Faeces—A Review

Fish welfare assurance system: initial steps to set up an effective tool to safeguard and monitor farmed fish welfare at a company level

Prevalencia de helmintos parásitos en peces (Salmo trutta y Schizothorax plagiostomus) en India

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