The informal sector and Covid‐19 economic impacts: The case of Bahia, Brazil

Santos, Gervásio Ferreira dos; Ribeiro, Luiz Carlos de Santana; Cerqueira, Rodrigo

doi:10.1111/rsp3.12366

Cited by 23 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In a study carried out in Bahia, the high burden of the disease was associated with the worst living conditions of the population, whose lethality was 1.4 times higher in municipalities with high social vulnerability when compared to those with low social deprivation ( de Souza et al, 2020a ). This context reflects the need to consider the social determinants of health in plans for coping with the disease ( de Souza et al, 2020a ; de Souza et al, 2020b ; Ferreira dos Santos et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The complexity of the transmission dynamics and the difficulties in facing the pandemic in the state of Bahia are even greater when we consider the following points: i. 66% of the workers in Bahia work in the informal market ( Ferreira dos Santos et al, 2020 ), not only hampering the adoption of social distance measures, but demanding greater economic support from the government; ii. The high territorial dimension of the state and the number of municipalities impose challenges to local management, both in the provision of tests for the diagnosis of the disease and in hospital beds; iii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Airports, highways and COVID-19: An analysis of spatial dynamics in Brazil

Souza

Machado

Silva³

et al. 2021

Journal of Transport & Health

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Introduction The high transmissibility and infectivity of the new coronavirus, the high proportion of asymptomatic transmitters and the rapid and continuous spatial displacement of people, by the different mechanisms of locomotion, are elements that can contribute to the dissemination of COVID-19. This study aims to describe the geographical dispersion of COVID-19 in the state of Bahia and the importance of major airports and highways in the dynamics of disease transmission. Methods This is an ecological study involving all cases of COVID-19 registered in the state of Bahia between March 6, date of the first registered case and May 16, 2020. After collection, an exploratory spatial analysis was performed, considering the cases accumulated on the last day of each epidemiological week. Results The first cases of COVID-19 were concentrated in areas served by three important airport complexes in the state, located in Salvador, Ilhéus and Porto Seguro. From week 16–20, there was a more intense expansion of COVID-19 to the interior of the state. A global spatial autocorrelation was observed (I Moran 0.2323; p = 0.01), with the influence of distance: positive correlation at distances less than 205.8 km (I Moran 0.040; p = 0.01) and greater than 800 km (I Moran 0.080; p = 0.01). Conclusions Based on the spatial dispersion pattern of COVID-19 in the state of Bahia, airports and highways that cross the state were responsible for the interiorization of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airports, highways and COVID-19: An analysis of spatial dynamics in Brazil

Souza

Machado

Silva³

et al. 2021

Journal of Transport & Health

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“…51 Each item is rated on a fourpoint scale (based on severity) ranging from 0 for not at all to 3 for nearly every day. 50 In this study, the severity of depressive symptoms was grouped based on the overall scores ranging from 0 to 27 and classified as no/minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderately severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and severe depression (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27). The online version of the questionnaire is available here: https://patient.…”

Section: Data Collection Tools and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Several studies around the world reported a wide range of magnitude of depression among the public since the COVID-19 outbreak. The prevalence of depression among the general population was reported to be 20.1-48.3% in China, [15][16][17] 22.1% in the UK, 18 27.8% in the United States, 19 14.1% in India 20 and 67.1% in Egypt. 21 In a study done in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, the prevalence of depression in an urban community was reported to be 12.4%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One in Five Street Traditional Coffee Vendors Suffered from Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Harar Town, Ethiopia

Sisay¹,

Gashaw²,

Degefu³

et al. 2021

NDT

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Background:The COVID-19 crisis has already resulted in an economic and labor market shock and a rise of informal work sectors. Being an informal job, traditional coffee vending can predispose women to a myriad of mental disorders. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors among street traditional coffee vendors in Harar town, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was employed on 180 women engaged in street traditional coffee vending business in Harar town. Data were collected through a face-to-face interview using a Public Health Questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was executed to identify factors associated with depression at a cut-off point of P < 0.05. Results:The mean age of the study participants was 31.83 (±10) years. The majority of the participants were currently married (n = 77, 42.8%), attended primary education (n = 68, 37.8%), had a family member of four or more (n = 60, 33.3%), and had two years or less work experience (n = 123, 68.3%). Most of the study participants obtained COVID-19-related information from television (n = 125, 69.4%). The prevalence of depression was found to be 18.9%. Attending primary education (AOR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.98), attending secondary education or higher (AOR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.69), and having four or more family members (AOR: 2.81; 95% CI: 1.14, 6.92) were significantly associated with depression. Conclusion:One in five street traditional coffee vendors suffered from depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lower odds of being depressed were observed in those who attended a minimum of primary education. On the contrary, having a greater family size was associated with higher odds of being depressed. This finding will direct the government and other concerned bodies to be involved in the provision of psychological and material support for such informal workers during COVID-19.

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“…This is particularly relevant for forecasting policy decisions to support regions experiencing COVID-19 pandemic-induced crises . We model the main contingency measures adopted by local governments-reducing the economic activity of specific sectors according to the level of risk and social distance (Santos et al, 2020;Ponce, 2020)-on the IRIO system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subnational supply chain and the COVID‐19 pandemic: Short‐term impacts on the Brazilian regional economy

Sanguinet

Alvim

Atienza

et al. 2021

Regional Science Policy & Practice

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To control the transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Brazilian local governments have adopted partial lockdown measures in economic sectors, thereby triggering transmission shocks along input-output supply chains. The national internal market and territorial disparities favor the formation of subnational production networks within borders, thus increasing the potential effects of lockdown measures on regional integration production networks. Therefore, this study makes hypothetical simulations of COVID-19 mitigation policy decisions to understand the regional impacts on integration in supply chains, considering both domestic and global value chains. The generalized hypothetical extraction method is applied to a Brazilian interregional input-output model with 68 industries and 27 regions, imputing partial removals on intermediate consumption and final demand. The results suggest that richer subnational areas, mainly São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, are proportionally more impacted by COVID-19 trade shocks. However, the poorer peripheries are doubly affected, either by the foreign shock, which would damage their economic structure, or by the retraction of the subnational demand from core states. The findings highlight that economic shocks are spatially distributed through different industrial structures, thus stressing the need to avoid "one size fits all" regional policies to mitigate the potential negative effects on exposed regions. KEYWORDS Regional effects. Hypothetical extraction method. Domestic value chains. COVID-19 outbreak. JEL CLASSIFICATION R12. R10.

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The informal sector and Covid‐19 economic impacts: The case of Bahia, Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

Airports, highways and COVID-19: An analysis of spatial dynamics in Brazil

Airports, highways and COVID-19: An analysis of spatial dynamics in Brazil

One in Five Street Traditional Coffee Vendors Suffered from Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Harar Town, Ethiopia

The subnational supply chain and the COVID‐19 pandemic: Short‐term impacts on the Brazilian regional economy

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