The ingestion and digestion of yeast-like fungi by the sponge, microcionia prolifera

Kunen, Steven M.; Claus, George; Madri, Peter P.; Peyser, L.

doi:10.1007/bf00036560

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Claus et al 1967, Kunen et al 1971, Van de Vyver et al 1990, Milanese et al 2007, Fu et al 2006. Laboratory results prompted suggestions that sponges could be integrated in both fish farms and urban waste water discharge systems, so that besides the benefit of rearing sponge biomass for potential biotechnological uses (cosmetics, natural products, aquariophily etc), the cultured sponges would contribute to decreasing bacterial loads in ambient seawater (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective feeding by sponges on pathogenic microbes: a reassessment of potential for abatement of microbial pollution

Maldonado¹,

Zhang²,

Cao³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Sponges have traditionally been viewed as rather unselective filter feeders, and therefore as potential biofilters to remediate microbial water pollution. Here we show that the assumed connection between the ability of sponges to feed on microbes and the potential biotechnological use of such an ability to reduce microbial pollution is more complex than assumed. In a laboratory feeding experiment combined with a transmission electron microscopy study, we assessed the potential of the marine sponge Hymeniacidon perlevis to ingest and digest 3 common pathogenic microbes occurring in coastal waters: 2 bacteria (Escherichia coli and Vibrio anguillarum), and 1 marine yeast Rhodotorula sp. All 3 microbes were ingested by the sponge, but selectively, at different rates and following different cellular mechanisms. Yeast cells were processed very atypically by the sponge. Differences in the ingestion and digestion pathways led to large differences in the effectiveness of the sponge to remove the microbes. While sponge grazing reduced the concentration of E. coli and Rhodotorula sp. to levels far below the initial values, sponges were ineffective in abating concentrations of the most infective bacterium, V. anguillarum. This bacterium, which was digested more slowly than E. coli, proliferated in the experimental flasks at much higher rates than it was grazed. These findings raise the question whether sponges are suitable for bioremediation of microbial pollution, since selective or preferential ingestion of certain bacteria by sponges may end up fueling growth of those grazed less, such as Vibrio spp.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective feeding by sponges on pathogenic microbes: a reassessment of potential for abatement of microbial pollution

Maldonado¹,

Zhang²,

Cao³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The aquiferous system, like a true gut, is the location where most digestion and nutrient uptake occur in sponges (Willenz and Van de Vyver 1984). Unlike a true gut, however, sponge digestion is a completely intracellular process, and bacteria particles are phagocytosed to be broken down for nutrient extraction (Kunen, et al 1971;Frost 1981;Willenz and Van de Vyver 1984). Since bacteria taken up from the environment could also potentially be harmful, sponge cells responsible for digestion are also at the frontline of immunity, and are therefore likely to play a significant role in directing the development and coordination of the sponge immune response.…”

Section: The Upregulation Of Ampk and Foxo Both Key Regulators Of Mementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1.1). Unlike more morphologically complex animals, food digestion in sponges is a completely intracellular process because they do not have a gut (Kunen, et al 1971;Frost 1981;Willenz and Van de Vyver 1984). Instead, the beating flagella of the choanocytes generate water flow through the sponge, and a collar of microvilli at the base of the flagellum functions as a micro-scale filter that traps suspended particles for phagocytosis by the choanocyte (Mah, et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead, the beating flagella of the choanocytes generate water flow through the sponge, and a collar of microvilli at the base of the flagellum functions as a micro-scale filter that traps suspended particles for phagocytosis by the choanocyte (Mah, et al 2014). Through this mode of feeding, sponges are able to efficiently retain a large variety of particles, which can be as small as viruses and bacteria (Reiswig 1971;Hadas, et al 2006), and as large as yeast (Kunen, et al 1971;Maldonado, et al 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sizebased selection appears to be an important factor influencing feeding behaviour in sponges. Although capable of capturing a broad size-range of prey (Kunen, et al 1971;Ribes, et al 1999;Hadas, et al 2006), sponges appear to retain picoplankton or bacteria-sized particles (0.2-2 μm) with the most efficiency (Reiswig 1971(Reiswig , 1975Ribes, et al 1999;Hadas, et al 2009). In fact, free-living bacteria in the water column make up the bulk of their diet and constitute a significant component of sponge nutrient requirements (Hadas, et al 2009;Maldonado, et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering the genomic toolkit underlying animal-bacteria interactions – insights through the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Yuen¹

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All animals are inhabited by bacteria, and maintaining homeostasis in the multicellular environment of the host involves the complex balancing act of promoting the survival of symbionts while defending against intruders. Sponges (Porifera), in addition to housing diverse bacterial symbiont assemblages, also rely on bacteria filtered from the water column for nutrition. My research uses the genome-enabled demosponge, Amphimedon queenslandica, a member of one of the earliest-diverging animal phyletic lineages, as an experimental platform to investigate the genomic toolkit underpinning animal-bacteria interactions. Using comparative bioinformatics tools, I characterised a surprisingly large and complex repertoire of innate immune receptors from the NLR family of genes encoded in the A. queenslandica genome. I then used a high throughput RNAseq approach to profile the sponge's global transcriptomic response to foreign versus its own native bacteria. Conserved metazoan innate immune pathways were activated in response to both foreign and native bacteria. However, only the native bacteria elicited the expression of a more extensive suite of signalling pathways, involving TGF-β signalling and the transcription factors NF-κB and FoxO. Upregulation of the nutrient sensor AMPK in all treatments along with immune signalling genes, which all regulate FoxO activity, further suggests an interplay between metabolic homeostasis and immunity. Finally, I used microscopy to track the cellular-level processing of the different bacteria by the sponge. Consistent with the observed transcriptional response, the native bacteria were ingested by archaeocytes more rapidly than the foreign bacteria. The slower processing of foreign bacteria also correlated with the expression of numerous Nrf2-associated detoxification genes, indicative of cellular stress, only in response to foreign bacteria.iii Deciphering the genomic tool-kit underlying animal-bacteria interactions

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Ultrastructural evidence of extruding exocytosis of residual bodies in the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis

Willenz

Vyver

1986

Journal of Morphology

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Exocytosis of residual bodies by choanocytes, archeocytes and endopinacocytes lining the aquiferous system of Ephydatia fluviatilis has been demonstrated using calibrated latex beads and Escherichia coli as tracers. In passing into the mesohyl or the lumen of the exhalant aquiferous canals, beads, and altered bacteria were enveloped by the plasma membrane of the cell containing them. The membrane constricted at a neck region to form extruding vacuoles. This process appeared first in choanocytes and later in other cell types. The occurrence of these buds increased with the length of incubation time, as did the number of particles they contained. Acid phosphatase activity was frequently associated with the particles budding from the cell membrane, confirming that this process followed digestive activity. Membranous vacuoles were recovered from the external medium and observed by TEM and those adhering to the substratum were seen by SEM. These observations proved that vacuoles were released from the sponges. This membrane-consuming mechanism of exoctyosis implies intense membrane replacement in the digestive cells of the sponge.

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The ingestion and digestion of yeast-like fungi by the sponge, microcionia prolifera

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Selective feeding by sponges on pathogenic microbes: a reassessment of potential for abatement of microbial pollution

Selective feeding by sponges on pathogenic microbes: a reassessment of potential for abatement of microbial pollution

Deciphering the genomic toolkit underlying animal-bacteria interactions – insights through the demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica

Ultrastructural evidence of extruding exocytosis of residual bodies in the freshwater sponge Ephydatia fluviatilis

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