The Inheritance of Fertility in the Lateral Florets of the Four Barley Groups<sup>1</sup>

Woodward, R. W.

doi:10.2134/agronj1949.00021962004100070009x

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The deficiens phenotype is a naturally occurring variant and potentially an allele of Vrs1 (Habgood and Chambi, 1984). Deficiens barley is endemic in Ethiopia, where the unique spike of labile, which displays a variable number of fertile spikelets at each rachis node, also is localized (Woodward, 1949;Youssef et al, 2014). Old studies report that deficiens barley affects the grain size of central spikelets (Powers, 1936;Habgood and Chambi, 1984).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Suppression of Lateral Floret Development by a Single Amino Acid Change in the VRS1 Transcription Factor

Sakuma

Lundqvist²,

Kakei

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

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Increasing grain yield is an endless challenge for cereal crop breeding. In barley (Hordeum vulgare), grain number is controlled mainly by Six-rowed spike 1 (Vrs1), which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper class I transcription factor. However, little is known about the genetic basis of grain size. Here, we show that extreme suppression of lateral florets contributes to enlarged grains in deficiens barley. Through a combination of fine-mapping and resequencing of deficiens mutants, we have identified that a single amino acid substitution at a putative phosphorylation site in VRS1 is responsible for the deficiens phenotype. deficiens mutant alleles confer an increase in grain size, a reduction in plant height, and a significant increase in thousand grain weight in contemporary cultivated germplasm. Haplotype analysis revealed that barley carrying the deficiens allele (Vrs1.t1) originated from two-rowed types carrying the Vrs1.b2 allele, predominantly found in germplasm from northern Africa. In situ hybridization of histone H4, a marker for cell cycle or proliferation, showed weaker expression in the lateral spikelets compared with central spikelets in deficiens. Transcriptome analysis revealed that a number of histone superfamily genes were up-regulated in the deficiens mutant, suggesting that enhanced cell proliferation in the central spikelet may contribute to larger grains. Our data suggest that grain yield can be improved by suppressing the development of specific organs that are not positively involved in sink/source relationships.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Suppression of Lateral Floret Development by a Single Amino Acid Change in the VRS1 Transcription Factor

Sakuma

Lundqvist²,

Kakei

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

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“…This spike type is thought to be specific to Ethiopia (Woodward 1949), although one of the ten deficiens types in the present collection was not from Ethiopia but from Europe (ESM 2). The presence of a G residue (rather than an S) at position 184 was completely associated with the deficiens type.…”

Section: Functional Diversity Of Alleles At Vrs1mentioning

confidence: 71%

Allelic variation of row type gene Vrs1 in barley and implication of the functional divergence

Sugiyama

Pourkheirandish

Kanamori³

et al. 2009

Breed. Sci.

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Domesticated barleys produce either two-or six-rowed spikes, whereas their immediate wild ancestor, wild barley, is monomorphic for the two-rowed type. The six-rowed spike is a recessive character, conditioned by a major gene at the vrs1 locus. The wild-type (two-rowed) gene includes a homeodomain-leucine zipper I (HD-Zip I) sequence (HvHox1). The correspondence between peptide sequence and some spike variants was studied by re-sequencing the HvHox1 sequence across a large sample of both wild and domesticated accessions.

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“…This difference was due to a genotypic difference since the ZZ gene increased lateral fertility while the ii gene decreased this trait (WOODWARD, 1949). Within the six-rowed background the vvllisolines had significantly higher lateral kernel weights (46.1 vs 32.6) but not central kernel weights (59.6 vs 57.1) than the vvii isolines.…”

Section: Kernelmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…WOODWARD (1949) found the fertility of lateral florets in barley controlled by the Zgene in conjunction with the V gene for two-rowed or the v gene for six-rowed head type. When in the six-rowed background either I or i genotypes have complete lateral fertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of pedicel length on lateral kernel weight in two-six rowed near isogenic lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Gilbertson

Hockett

1986

Euphytica

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Hordeum vulgare, barley, near isogenic lines, kernel weight, pedicel length. SUMMARY Fifteen backcross derived, six-rowed isogenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines with the genotype vvii, nine in a six-rowed background, and six in a two-rowed background, were evaluated over 3 years for pedicel length and lateral and central kernel weight.Within the six-rowed and two-rowed backgrounds there were significant differences between isolines for all three characteristics studied. The lateral kernel weights of the six-rowed isolines were approximately half of their central kernel weights. Isolines with club heads had significantly longer pedicels and significantly lower lateral and central kernel weight than lax headed types. A significant negative correlation was found between pedicel length and lateral kernel weight for the 15 isolines and within the six-rowed background, indicating that as pedicel length increases, lateral kernel weight tends to decrease.We recommend that breeders making selections of six-rowed segregates from two x six-rowed crosses should select against pedicellate (vvii) laterals.

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The Inheritance of Fertility in the Lateral Florets of the Four Barley Groups¹

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Extreme Suppression of Lateral Floret Development by a Single Amino Acid Change in the VRS1 Transcription Factor

Extreme Suppression of Lateral Floret Development by a Single Amino Acid Change in the VRS1 Transcription Factor

Allelic variation of row type gene Vrs1 in barley and implication of the functional divergence

The effect of pedicel length on lateral kernel weight in two-six rowed near isogenic lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

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The Inheritance of Fertility in the Lateral Florets of the Four Barley Groups1

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Extreme Suppression of Lateral Floret Development by a Single Amino Acid Change in the VRS1 Transcription Factor

Extreme Suppression of Lateral Floret Development by a Single Amino Acid Change in the VRS1 Transcription Factor

Allelic variation of row type gene Vrs1 in barley and implication of the functional divergence

The effect of pedicel length on lateral kernel weight in two-six rowed near isogenic lines of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

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The Inheritance of Fertility in the Lateral Florets of the Four Barley Groups¹