The inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis weakens the drought tolerance in white clover (Trifolium repens) associated with the alteration of extensive proteins

Abstract

Changes of endogenous polyamine (PA) levels could be a key adaptive response to drought in plants. White clover pretreated with or without dicyclohexylamine (DCHA), an inhibitor of PA biosynthesis, was subjected to drought stress induced by 18% polyethylene glycol 6000 for 8 days in controlled growth chambers. Results showed that drought stress significantly increased endogenous PA content, whereas DCHA significantly decreased PA accumulation under drought stress. The attenuate PA biosynthesis was unfavorable for plant growth and drought tolerance, as reflected by significantly lower relative water content, relative growth rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, and cell membrane stability in leaves in response to drought. On the basis of proteomic analysis, the inhibition of PA synthesis decreased the accumulation of many key differentially expressed proteins including (1) ribosomal structure and biogenesis: elongation factor, ribosomal protein S10E, and 30S ribosomal protein; (2) amino acid transport and metabolism: cysteine synthase, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase, and glutamate decarboxylase; (3) carbohydrate metabolism and energy production: photosystem apoprotein, sucrose-phosphate synthase, phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, sucrose-phosphatase, NADH oxidoreductase, and ATP synthase; (4) antioxidant metabolism: catalase, peroxidase I, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase; and (5) other biological processes: heat shock protein 70, heat shock protein 90, and calcium-dependent protein kinase associated with the decreased drought tolerance in white clover. These findings indicate that PAs play a critical role in the regulation of growth, ribosome, amino acid and energy metabolism, and antioxidant reactions in white clover under drought stress. Drought-induced increases in endogenous PAs could be one of key adaptive responses against drought stress in white clover.

PAs Regulate Early Somatic Embryo Development by Changing the Gene Expression Level and the Hormonal Balance in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

“…Accumulations of Put confer increased drought tolerance in the transgenic plants of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum ) and lemon ( Citrus lemon ) [ 19 ]. Additionally, when the synthesis of Put was inhibited, the drought resistance of plants decreased [ 20 ]. The results of Gong et al show that Spd and Spm are more essential than Put for apples, especially when responding to alkaline or salt stress [ 11 ].…”

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza-Mediated Regulation of Polyamines and Aquaporins During Abiotic Stress: Deep Insights on the Recondite Players

“…In this respect, use of AMF to optimize the PA metabolism emerges as an economically effective agronomic option. As aforementioned, AMF ensure the PA homeostasis that further helps in stress mitigation by the maintenance of pH and ion homeostasis, production of osmolytes and improvement of plant water status, ROS scavenging, stability of membrane and photosystem framework, modified expression of stressresponsive genes, regulation of root plasticity (Talaat and Shawky, 2013) (Figure 2), and the regulation of ribosomes, amino acids, and energy metabolism (Li et al, 2018). The mediation of stress tolerance using AMF by reinforcing the PA metabolism as a strategy is discussed in the following sections.…”

Polyamines Metabolism Interacts with γ-Aminobutyric Acid, Proline and Nitrogen Metabolisms to Affect Drought Tolerance of Creeping Bentgrass

“…Due to the increase in global greenhouse gases and ozone layer depletion over the last few years, extreme weather conditions such as continuous seasonal drought have brought severe challenges for the cultivation and management of crops worldwide. Drought stress reduces plant growth, water content, cell membrane stability, and also severely affects various physiological metabolisms, such as polyamine (PA) metabolism [ 1 , 2 ], γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism [ 3 ], nitrogen (N) metabolism [ 4 ], and proline (Pro) metabolism in plants [ 5 ]. Metabolic disturbance and imbalance result in the inhibition of photosynthesis and respiration processes, leading towards reduced growth and development of plants.…”