The inhibitory effect of in situ extracellular polymeric substances on trimethoprim adsorption by activated sludge

Quantifying the Relative Roles of Different Microorganisms on Trimethoprim Degradation by Nitrifying Activated Sludge

“…The concentration of NH 4 + -N, NO 2 − -N, NO 3 − -N, and MLSS was measured according to Standard Methods. [23] TMP was enriched with solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and determined by the method described by Ma et al [20]…”

“…Before the control experiment, an experiment with Milli-Q water and TMP was conducted according to our previous study to eliminate the effect of hydrolysis and natural photodegradation on TMP concentration. [20] The results showed that the effect of hydrolysis and natural photodegradation on TMP were negligible (<2 μg L −1 ). Then, a control experiment was carried out with 100 mg L −1 NaN 3 to investigate the effect of an abiotic process on TMP removal.…”

“…Six batch experiments with different ammonium concentrations (50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg L −1 and control) were conducted (Table S1, Supporting Information). Since the previous study showed adsorption plays an important role on TMP removal, [20] a control experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of abiotic processes on TMP removal by adding sodium azide (NaN 3 ) at the concentration of 100 mg L −1 to fully inhibit the activities of all microorganisms. [15,21] (II) The second type of batch experiments was conducted to quantify the roles of AOB, NOB, and heterotrophs on TMP removal.…”

Extracellular polymeric substances—antibiotics interaction in activated sludge: A review

“…Three stages of rapid adsorption, stable adsorption, and saturation adsorption could be observed during antibiotics sorption onto sludge EPS [ [18] , [33] ]). Among the kinetic models, in comparison with the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics equation, the pseudo-second-order kinetics equation exhibited a better fit for antibiotics (e.g., trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline) adsorption simulation, implying that the adsorption was driven by chemical action [ [17] , [18] , [35] , [34] ]. Additionally, the sorption isotherm analysis revealed that the Freundlich equation might be much more suitable for illuminating the sorption characteristics between EPS and antibiotics (e.g., quinolone, sulfonamide, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin) than the Langmuir model, indicating that multilayer adsorption or even more complex sorption might occur on the microbial EPS surface [ [32] , [35] , [36] , [37] ].…”

The effects of temperature shock on the treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater by an Fe0/GO-anaerobic system

“…They are composed of proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids, lipids, and humic substances. 29,30 Proteins and polysaccharides are the main elements of EPS, making up 1-60% and 40-95% of the total EPS components, respectively. 31 Polysaccharides are hydrophilic polymers that reversibly absorb and exude water or biological uids and contribute to high water retention.…”