The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation

Choi, Hyun Ki; Choi, Hee‐Jung; Park, Mi-Ju; Lee, Ji-Yeon; Jeong, Seung-Il; Lee, Seongoo; Kim, Kyun Ha; Joo, Myungsoo; Jeong, Hyein; Kim, Jai‐Eun; Ha, Ki‐Tae

doi:10.3892/ijmm.2015.2128

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The polyphenolic profile of the DICHO fraction of Geranium koreanum , which has beneficial bioactivity, was detected by LC-MS/MS. Geraniin is the main phenolic compound of Geranium species, and it is reported to have bioactive effects such as anti-inflammatory effects via regulation of NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways in Raw 264.7 cells, cytoprotective effect via regulation of BACH-1 and HO-1 in HepG2 cells, and anticancer effects via inhibition of NF-κB activation [ 10 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]. Depending on the detector counts, the phenolic compounds of DGK are displayed in Table 1 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dichloromethane Extracts of Geranium Koreanum Kom. Alleviates Esophagus Damage in Acute Reflux Esophagitis-Induced Rats by Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Nam

Choo

2018

IJMS

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Reflux esophagitis (RE) is a gastrointestinal disease caused by the reflux of gastric acid and stomach contents, and it leads to esophageal damage. Therefore, it is necessary to study the improvement of esophageal damage on a RE-induced model. The present study was accomplished to demonstrate the protective effects of a dichloromethane fraction of Geranium koreanum (DGK) plant on esophageal damage in an acute RE rat model. First, we examined the potential of anti-inflammatory effects of various fractions measured by cell cytotoxicity, morphological changes and nitric oxide (NO) production on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced Raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Then, to evaluate the protective effects on RE, rats were partitioned into the following groups: normal control, RE-induced control and RE rats pre-treated with DGK 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The esophageal mucosal ulcer ratio was measured by the Image J program and histological changes were examined using a hematoxylin and eosin staining of the esophageal mucosa. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins, cytokines and tight junction proteins involved in the esophageal mucosal damage were investigated using Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit with esophagus tissue. DGK chemical profile and phenolic contents were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that DGK exhibited anti-inflammatory effects against LPS-stimulated cells by significantly inhibiting NO production. Additionally, the results in vivo showed that improvement effects of DGK on esophageal mucosal damage. The expression of inflammatory proteins involved in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways and tight junction protein (claudin-4 and -5) were significantly decreased in esophageal mucosa. We found the potential of DGK as source of replacement therapy products for inflammatory and RE disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geraniin was present in the DICHO fraction at RT 7.68 min ( Figure 7 ). It has been identified in Geranium wilfordii Maxim., Geranium sibiricum L., Geranium robertianum L., Geranium thunbergii [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dichloromethane Extracts of Geranium Koreanum Kom. Alleviates Esophagus Damage in Acute Reflux Esophagitis-Induced Rats by Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Nam

Choo

2018

IJMS

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“…Plant extracts of Geranium bellum and aqueous leaf extracts of Phyllanthusmuellerianus (Kuntze) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory activities with geraniin as the most potent compound [ 47 ]. Similarly, extracts of Geranium thunbergii significantly inhibit the LPS- and IFN-γ-induced expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as iNOS, TNF-α and IL-1β [ 48 ] by a mechanism mediated by increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Other studies using pure geraniin have validated these observations by showing that it is indeed geraniin that is responsible for the inhibition of LPS-induced inflammation by regulating NF-κB via the Nrf2 pathway in macrophages.…”

Section: Natural Pharmacological Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals as modulators of M1-M2 macrophages in inflammation

Sarkar²,

et al. 2018

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Macrophages are critical mediators of the innate immune response against foreign pathogens, including bacteria, physical stress, and injury. Therefore, these cells play a key role in the “inflammatory pathway” which in turn can lead to an array of diseases and disorders such as autoimmune neuropathies and myocarditis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis, sepsis, arthritis, diabetes, and angiogenesis. Recently, more studies have focused on the macrophages inflammatory diseases since the discovery of the two subtypes of macrophages, which are differentiated on the basis of their phenotype and distinct gene expression pattern. Of these, M1 macrophages are pro-inflammatory and responsible for inflammatory signaling, while M2 are anti-inflammatory macrophages that participate in the resolution of the inflammatory process, M2 macrophages produce anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to tissue healing. Many studies have shown the role of these two subtypes in the inflammatory pathway, and their emergence appears to decide the fate of inflammatory signaling and disease progression. As a next step in directing the pro-inflammatory response toward the anti-inflammatory type after an insult by a foreign pathogen (e. g., bacterial lipopolysaccharide), investigators have identified many natural compounds that have the potential to modulate M1 to M2 macrophages. In this review, we provide a focused discussion of advances in the identification of natural therapeutic molecules with anti-inflammatory properties that modulate the phenotype of macrophages from M1 to M2.

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“…Choi et al examined the anti-inflammatory activity of a 50% aqueous EtOH extract of G. thunbergii in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) activated by interferon-γ (INF-γ) and bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and found that the extract exerted a significant inhibitory effect on induced inflammation at non-toxic doses [159]. The anti-inflammatory effect seemed to be associated with the activation of the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a key transcription factor in anti-inflammatory systems.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity of the Geranium Genus: A Comprehensive Review

Graça

Ferreira

Santos

2020

CPD

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Background: Plants from the Geranium genus, which comprises about 400 species, have been used since ancient times in the practice of traditional medicines throughout the world. Therefore, herbal preparations based on Geranium species have found wide usage for the treatment of a variety of ailments. The aim of this work is to present a review, as comprehensive as possible, of the studies concerning different biological activities of Geranium species. Methods: Relevant data were obtained through systematic computer searches from major reputed scientific databases, particularly Web of Science and Scopus. Occasionally, information issued in primary sources not covered by these databases was also included provided published as peer-reviewed literature. This review covers the literature disclosed till the end of 2018. Results: ccompanying the increasing interest in herbal medicines in general, the evaluation of the biological properties of medicinal plants from the Geranium genus has been addressed thoroughly, mostly over the last two decades. Geranium species are endowed with a number of different biological activities. Herein, we present a survey of the results of the studies concerning these different biological activities. Conclusion: Most studies found in the literature effectively contribute to scientifically validate the beneficial properties of Geranium plants claimed by traditional medicines and medical herbalism and demonstrate that many of them possess evident therapeutic properties.

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The inhibitory effects of Geranium thunbergii on interferon-γ- and LPS-induced inflammatory responses are mediated by Nrf2 activation

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Dichloromethane Extracts of Geranium Koreanum Kom. Alleviates Esophagus Damage in Acute Reflux Esophagitis-Induced Rats by Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Dichloromethane Extracts of Geranium Koreanum Kom. Alleviates Esophagus Damage in Acute Reflux Esophagitis-Induced Rats by Anti-Inflammatory Activities

Phytochemicals as modulators of M1-M2 macrophages in inflammation

Bioactivity of the Geranium Genus: A Comprehensive Review

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