The Initial Stages of Development as Nucleation and Growth Phenomena

Redox Behavior of Nanoparticules: Nonextensive Thermodynamics Approach

“…However, the Ag/Ag + equilibrium potential values reported in the three earlier papers differ slightly according to the developing method. Thus, the authors noted that chemical developer leads to equilibrium potentials different from those with the physical developer . Nevertheless, for both methods, the relationship between Δ E redox * and 1/ r was always linear; however, the straight lines obtained with the chemical developer do not start from the origin (shift of 13 mV).…”

“…Throughout our analysis, we consider the case where the number of atoms per aggregate, or of nucleons in the medium, is sufficient for defining macroscopic behavior for which thermodynamic approaches apply. Malinowski et al, – indicate that the laws of thermodynamics probably apply to the nucleation phenomenon because, even if the nucleons are very small, they are very numerous in solution. The result is that the statistical requirements of thermodynamics are always fulfilled and the only flaw seems to be the use of the value of the interfacial tension defined for a bulk phase.…”

“…Malinowski et al – in four successive publications present values of the Ag/Ag + redox potential according to the size of the silver aggregates whose radii are generally greater than 2 nm. Thermodynamics is applicable for such sizes because a silver spherical aggregate of 2 nm comprises approximately 2000 atoms.…”

“…In this case, our approach is of a lesser interest as η = −1. For this reason, we examined here the experimental data of ref (Table ) in light of our approach using eq . Using the log values on both axes leads to excellent lines of correlation for the two substrates (Figure ).…”

“…This dimension implies that not all the mass of the silver particles contributes to the extensity involved in redox equilibrium. In the papers of Malinowski et al, – the difference in the behavior of silver particles during their growth on AgBr coated or not coated with gelatin is only dependent on the changes of the nature of the interface between the silver and the solution. Caution is required for such interpretations.…”