The Initiation Threshold Sensitivity of LX‐15 Explosive as a function of its grain size

Gvishi, M.; Solomonovici, A.

doi:10.1002/prep.19890140504

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Improved insensitivity to impact of ε-C-20 particles with smooth surface and homogeneous morphology with mean particle size of 9.1 µm has been reported by Elbeih et al 18 The friction sensitivity of the ε-CL-20 crystals with particle size 80-200 µm obtained using different solvent-nonsolvent systems were studied by Szczygielska et al 19 Reduced sensitivity (RS) ε-CL-20 is always desired to ensure safe handling by the end users, stability to accidental initiation under processing operations, storage and transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Crystal Growth of ε- and α-CL-20 Polymorphs via Metastable Phase Transition Using Microscopy and Vibrational Spectroscopy

Ghosh

Venkatesan

Mandave

et al. 2014

Crystal Growth & Design

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This article presents the evidence of possible route to the formation of ε-and α-polymorphic phases of 2, 4,6,8,10,4,6,8,10, studied through CL-20 solution using reverse and normal precipitation method. Reverse precipitation with instant addition facilitated with the opportunity to track the crystal phases from their immediate formation to end of phase stabilization. Precipitation under apparent conditions to achieve α-or ε-phases, showed initial occurrence of metastable β-phase and subsequent transformation to the intended stable phases. The β-phase showed sufficiently longer stability while under specified conditions for ε-than in a hydrated medium set to obtain the α-phase.Transformation of fine needle shaped β-CL-20 crystals to uniform diamond shaped α-or bipyramidal ε-habit had been observed to pass through an equilibrium state of dissolution and reprecipitation. This work also elaborates the effect of crystallization methodology on conversion time. Vibrational spectroscopy and microscopic techniques were employed to track the time dependent polymorphic conversions. Drastic reduction in β → ε conversion time, from 160 minutes to 10 minutes could have been affected by using ultra dispersed seed crystals. We thus also demonstrated a hazard free non-grinding method to prepare ε-CL-20 with particle size <10 µm through precipitation and their effect on thermal stability & mechanical sensitivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing Crystal Growth of ε- and α-CL-20 Polymorphs via Metastable Phase Transition Using Microscopy and Vibrational Spectroscopy

Ghosh

Venkatesan

Mandave

et al. 2014

Crystal Growth & Design

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“…The initiation sensitivity of a high explosive to mechanical stimuli depends considerably on the physical microstructure, which is related to characteristics such as the crystal size, crystal quality, and porosity [1][2][3][4]. These physical characteristics can influence the mechanical response of an explosive charge to stimuli and thereby affect the distribution of the incident energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Sensitivity Evaluation of Nanocrystalline RDX‐based Explosive Compositions

Степанов

Anglade

Hummers

et al. 2011

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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The initiation sensitivity of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) was investigated as a function of crystal size. For this study, RDX powders with mean crystal sizes of ca. 200 and 500 nm were prepared by rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS) with carbon dioxide as the solvent. Initiation sensitivity testing to impact, sustained shock, and electrostatic discharge stimuli was performed on uncoated as well as wax-coated specimens. The test data revealed that in a direct comparison to coarser grades the nanocrystalline RDX-based samples were substantially less sensitive to shock and impact stimuli. Furthermore, the 500 nm RDX-based specimens exhibited the lowest sensitivity values, an indication that minima in shock and impact sensitivities with respect to crystal size exist.

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“…Initiation sensitivity of explosives has been observed to decrease as crystal size is reduced, particularly when the size of crystals is above micrometers [22][23][24][25]. However, this trend appears to reverse at sizes in the sub-micron regime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Investigation of the crystallization of RDX during spray drying

et al. 2015

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The Initiation Threshold Sensitivity of LX‐15 Explosive as a function of its grain size

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Probing Crystal Growth of ε- and α-CL-20 Polymorphs via Metastable Phase Transition Using Microscopy and Vibrational Spectroscopy

Probing Crystal Growth of ε- and α-CL-20 Polymorphs via Metastable Phase Transition Using Microscopy and Vibrational Spectroscopy

Production and Sensitivity Evaluation of Nanocrystalline RDX‐based Explosive Compositions

Investigation of the crystallization of RDX during spray drying

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