The Innervation of the Gastrointestinal tract

Furness, John B.; Poole, Daniel P.; Cho, Hyun Jung; Callaghan, Brid; Rivera, Leni R.

doi:10.1002/9781118512074.ch15

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 219 publications

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“…Key to understanding sensation of the colon in both physiologic and pathologic states is appreciating the morphological and physiological properties of colon-innervating sensory neuron subtypes and the functions they subserve. In addition to DRG afferents, which provide extrinsic sensory innervation mainly to the distal gut, the GI tract has an extensive intrinsic system, the enteric nervous system (ENS), as well as additional extrinsic sensory and pre-ganglionic parasympathetic innervation provided by the vagus nerve, mainly to the upper GI tract, pre-ganglionic parasympathetic (splanchnic) innervation to the lower GI tract, and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) effector neurons terminating throughout the GI tract 43 . To establish mouse genetic tools for interrogating extrinsic DRG sensory neuron innervation of the distal GI tract, we first characterized labeling of peripheral nervous system subdivisions in mouse lines commonly used to manipulate DRG afferents, such as those in which a recombinase is expressed under control of the Advillin gene 44,45 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DRG afferents that mediate physiologic and pathologic mechanosensation from the distal colon

Wolfson

Abdelaziz

Rankin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The properties of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons that innervate the distal colon are poorly defined, hindering our understanding of their roles in normal physiology and gastrointestinal disease. Here, we report genetically defined subsets of colon innervating DRG neurons with diverse morphologic and physiologic properties. Four colon innervating DRG neuron populations are mechanosensitive and exhibit distinct force thresholds to colon distension. The highest threshold population, selectively labeled using Bmpr1b genetic tools, is necessary and sufficient for behavioral responses to high colon distension, which is partly mediated by the mechanosensory ion channel Piezo2. This HTMR population mediates behavioral over-reactivity to colon distension caused by inflammation in a model of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, like cutaneous mechanoreceptor populations, colon innervating DRG afferents exhibit distinct anatomical and physiological properties and tile force threshold space, and genetically defined colon innervating HTMRs mediate pathophysiological responses to colon distension revealing a target population for therapeutic intervention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

DRG afferents that mediate physiologic and pathologic mechanosensation from the distal colon

Wolfson

Abdelaziz

Rankin

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…ACh and NO are primary transmitters of excitatory and inhibitory enteric motor neurons, respectively . In the myenteric plexus and intramuscular nerve fibers, FFA3 was expressed in cholinergic and nitrergic nerves, in contrast to the mucosal and submucosal plexuses, where FFA3 was localized mostly in cholinergic nerves .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free fatty acid receptor 3 activation suppresses neurogenic motility in rat proximal colon

Kaji

Akiba

Furuyama

et al. 2017

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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“…It was reported that role of the ENS and CNS differ considerably along the digestive tract. In the case of the ENS, it was shown that, in the small intestine and colon, it controlled, e.g., muscle activity, transmucosal fluid fluxes, and local blood flow [ 1 , 2 ]. The stomach ENS is mainly engaged in the regulation of peristaltic waves which are responsible for grinding and emptying [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stomach ENS is mainly engaged in the regulation of peristaltic waves which are responsible for grinding and emptying [ 3 ]. On the other hand, CNS has a major role in monitoring the state of the stomach and, in turn, controlling its contractile activity and acid secretion, through vagovagal reflexes, as well as control of defecation [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution Patterns of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript- and/or Galanin-Containing Neurons and Nerve Fibers Located in the Human Stomach Wall Affected by Tumor

Kozłowska

Godlewski

Majewski

2018

IJMS

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The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript- (CART-) and galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) neuronal structures in the human stomach wall, focusing on differences observed in regions directly affected by the cancer process, and those from the surgical margin. Samples from the stomach wall were collected from 10 patients (3 women and 7 men, the mean age 67.0 ± 11.9). Next, triple-immunofluorescence staining was used to visualize the changes in the frequency of neurons inside myenteric plexi and intramural fibers containing CART and/or GAL, as well as protein gene product 9.5 (as panneuronal marker). Tumor into the stomach wall caused a decrease in the number of CART-positive (+) nerve fibers in the longitudinal (LML) and circular muscle layers (CML). Notable changes in the dense network of CART+/GAL+ nerve fibers (an increase) were observed in the LML and lamina muscularis mucosae (LMM) within carcinoma-affected areas of the human stomach. Additionally, an elevated number of these nerve fibers from LMM were accompanied by an increase in the number of fibers containing GAL in the vicinity of the neoplastic proliferation. Obtained results suggest that a carcinoma invasion may affect the innervation pattern of the human stomach wall and their function(s).

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The Innervation of the Gastrointestinal tract

Cited by 6 publications

References 219 publications

DRG afferents that mediate physiologic and pathologic mechanosensation from the distal colon

DRG afferents that mediate physiologic and pathologic mechanosensation from the distal colon

Free fatty acid receptor 3 activation suppresses neurogenic motility in rat proximal colon

Distribution Patterns of Cocaine- and Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript- and/or Galanin-Containing Neurons and Nerve Fibers Located in the Human Stomach Wall Affected by Tumor

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