The innervation of the liver

Forssmann, Wolf‐Georg; Brühl, Barbara; Ito, Shun

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1239-7_6

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The two anatomical plexuses of the liver form anteriorly, around the hepatic artery, from the left part of the celiac plexus and the right abdominal branch of the vagal nerve and posteriorly, around the portal vein, from the right part of the celiac plexus. 63,64 In animal studies, PACAP has been found in many parts of the peripheral nervous system including in the parasympathetic ganglion of the vagal nerve (the nodose ganglion) and splanchnic nerves 53,54,65 and also in neurons of the intermediolateral column (T1-T12) 66 of the spinal cord, in sensory dorsal root ganglia 67,68 and the vagal dorsal motor nucleus 66 69 and acetylcholine causes relaxation through the parasympathetic projections. 70 In addition to the adrenergic and cholinergic innervation, other neurotransmitters including substance P, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, neurotensin, NO, calcitonin gene-related peptide and neuropeptide Y are also present in the liver 55,70 and many of the peptides has been found colocalized with PACAP in sensory and autonomic nerves.…”

Section: The Neuronal Innervation Of the Healthy Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasympathetic projections from the vagal nerve innervate the liver directly as preganglionic fibres (dorsal motor nucleus of the brainstem) or synapse on ganglia in the portal area. The two anatomical plexuses of the liver form anteriorly, around the hepatic artery, from the left part of the celiac plexus and the right abdominal branch of the vagal nerve and posteriorly, around the portal vein, from the right part of the celiac plexus 63,64 . In animal studies, PACAP has been found in many parts of the peripheral nervous system including in the parasympathetic ganglion of the vagal nerve (the nodose ganglion) and splanchnic nerves 53,54,65 and also in neurons of the intermediolateral column (T1‐T12) 66 of the spinal cord, in sensory dorsal root ganglia 67,68 and the vagal dorsal motor nucleus 66 suggesting a likely innervation of the liver.…”

Section: Pacap In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide: Potential roles in the pathophysiology and complications of cirrhosis

Barloese

Chitgar

Hannibal

et al. 2020

Liver International

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Cirrhosis represents a considerable clinical challenge and ranks as the 14th most common cause of mortality globally resulting in 1 million deaths annually, 1 200 000 of which are in the USA and Europe. 2,3 Different pathways all ultimately lead to necroinflammation and fibrogenesis, which increase vascular resistance and reduces liver function. 4 The change in liver histology produces the well-known clinical picture of portal hypertension with its complications of bleeding from oesophageal varices, ascites, encephalopathy and circulatory disturbances. 5 Liver failure leads to abnormal hepatic clearance and biliary

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Section: The Neuronal Innervation Of the Healthy Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pacap In the Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide: Potential roles in the pathophysiology and complications of cirrhosis

Barloese

Chitgar

Hannibal

et al. 2020

Liver International

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Die Struktur der Leber und Gallenwege

Düllmann¹,

Wulfhekel²,

Lierse³

2000

Spezielle Pathologische Anatomie

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Signal propagation via gap junctions, a key step in the regulation of liver metabolism by the sympathetic hepatic nerves

1992

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Cell-to-cell communication via gap junctions has been proposed to be involved in the metabolic actions of sympathetic liver nerves in the rat, The effects of hcpatic nerve stimulation and noradrenaline-, PGF> -and glucagon infusion on glucose metabolism and perfusion flow were studied in perfused rat liver in the absence and presence of the gap junctional inhibitors, hcptanol, carbenoxolonc and (4fi)phorbol 12myristate 13.acetate (4PPMA). (i) Stimulation of the hepatic nerve plexus increased glucose output, decreased flow and caused an overflow of noradrenaline into the hepatic vein. (ii) Heptanol completely inhibited not only the nerve stimulation-dependent metabolic and hemodynamic alterations but also the noradrenaline overflow. Thus the heptanol-dependent inhibitions were caused primarily by a strong impairment of transmitter release. (iii) Carbenoxolone inhibited the effects of ncurostimulation on glucose metabolism partially by about 50%. whereas it left perfusion flow and noradrenaline overflow essentially unaltered. (iv) 4bPMA reduced the nerve stimukdtion-dependent enhancement of glucose release by about 80% but the noradrenaline-dependent increase in glucose output only by about 30%; the increase in glucose release by PGF:. and by glumgon remained essentially unaltered, 4pPMA reduced the nerve stimulation-dependent decrease in portal flow by about 35% but did not affect the noradrenalincand PGFh-elicited alterations, nor did it alter noradrenaline overtlow. The results allow the conclusion that gap junctional communication plays a major role in the regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism by sympathetic liver nerves, but not by circulating noradrenaline. PGF, or glucagon.

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The innervation of the liver

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide: Potential roles in the pathophysiology and complications of cirrhosis

Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating peptide: Potential roles in the pathophysiology and complications of cirrhosis

Die Struktur der Leber und Gallenwege

Signal propagation via gap junctions, a key step in the regulation of liver metabolism by the sympathetic hepatic nerves

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