The Innovation Research of Biodegradable Polymers for Sustainable Packaging

Shi, Jiazi; Xu, Wencai; Li, Dongli; Liao, Ruijuan; Zhang, Liuxin

doi:10.12783/dteees/peee2016/3869

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This paper proposes that processing PBS with CNCs of tailored surface properties would PBS is a biodegradable aliphatic polyester, which is produced by the polycondensation of 1,4-butanediol and succinic acid [24]. It was invented in the early 1990s with similar properties to poly(ethylene) and poly(propylene) [25], and has shown great potential in many applications including automotive and packaging industries and tissue engineering [26][27][28]. PBS has been processed with CNCs to improve its mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties, its biodegradability, and to control its morphology and crystallization [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Brushes of Alcohols Grafted onto Cellulose Nanocrystals for Reinforcing Poly(Butylene Succinate): Impact of Alcohol Chain Length on Interfacial Adhesion

Abushammala

2020

Polymers

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Despite the many interesting properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), their hydrophilicity is one of the main challenges for their processing with hydrophobic polymers and matrices. To overcome this challenge, this paper describes the preparation of brush-like CNCs with tailored surface properties by grafting alcohols of different chain lengths onto their surfaces. Ethanol, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, and 1-octanol were grafted on the CNC surface using 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a linker. The CNCs were characterized for their structural, morphological, surface, and thermal properties. Because of the grafting, the water contact angle of the CNCs significantly increased from 32° to up to 120°, which was dependent on the chain length of the grafted alcohol. The thermal stability of the CNCs was also improved, mainly as a result of the reaction of TDI with the CNC hydroxyl groups. Later, the CNCs were used to reinforce films of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), which were then characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). An increase of up to two-fold in the storage modulus was observed using DMA, which was dependent on the chain length of the grafted alcohol. However, no change in the glass transition temperature or degradation temperature of PBS was detected. This approach is proved efficient for tailoring the surface properties of CNCs towards excellent interfacial adhesion in their composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Brushes of Alcohols Grafted onto Cellulose Nanocrystals for Reinforcing Poly(Butylene Succinate): Impact of Alcohol Chain Length on Interfacial Adhesion

Abushammala

2020

Polymers

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“…Therefore, the impact of many of these "modifiers" on the crystallization kinetics of PBS has been isothermally and nonisothermally investigated using Avrami and Ozawa models and their combination [34,35]. In general, PBS, which is produced by the polycondensation of succinic acid and butanediol, has shown great potential in many applications including automotive and packaging industries due to its similar properties to polyolefins and its advantageous biodegradability [20][21][22][23]. It still suffered some drawbacks in terms of its mechanical and gas barrier properties and its slow crystallization [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Surface Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Butylene Succinate)

Abushammala

Mao

2020

Crystals

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The hydrophilicity of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is a major challenge for their processing with hydrophobic polymers and matrices. As a result, many surface modifications have been proposed to hydrophobize CNCs. The authors showed in an earlier study that grafting alcohols of different chain lengths onto the surface of CNCs using toluene diisocyanate (TDI) as a linker can systematically hydrophobize CNCs to a water contact angle of up to 120° depending on the alcohol chain length. Then, the hydrophobized CNCs were used to mechanically reinforce poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), which is a hydrophobic polymer. As a result of hydrophobization, PBS/CNCs interfacial adhesion and the composite mechanical properties significantly improved with the increasing CNC contact angle. Continuing on these results, this paper investigates the impact of CNC surface properties on the crystallization behavior of PBS using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the crystallization temperature of PBS increased from 74.7 °C to up to 86.6 °C as a result of CNC nucleation activity, and its value was proportionally dependent on the contact angle of the CNCs. In agreement, the nucleation activity factor (φ) estimated using Dobreva and Gutzow’s method decreased with the increasing CNC contact angle. Despite the nucleation action of CNCs, the rate constant of PBS crystallization as estimated using the Avrami model decreased in general as a result of a prevailing impeding effect. This decrease was minimized with increasing the contact angle of the CNCs. The impeding effect also increased the average activation energy of crystallization, which was estimated using the Kissinger method. Moreover, the Avrami exponent (n) decreased because of CNC addition, implying a heterogeneous crystallization, which was also apparent in the crystallization thermograms. Overall, the CNC addition facilitated PBS nucleation but retarded its crystallization, and both processes were significantly affected by the surface properties of the CNCs.

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The Innovation Research of Biodegradable Polymers for Sustainable Packaging

Cited by 2 publications

References 26 publications

Nano-Brushes of Alcohols Grafted onto Cellulose Nanocrystals for Reinforcing Poly(Butylene Succinate): Impact of Alcohol Chain Length on Interfacial Adhesion

Nano-Brushes of Alcohols Grafted onto Cellulose Nanocrystals for Reinforcing Poly(Butylene Succinate): Impact of Alcohol Chain Length on Interfacial Adhesion

Impact of the Surface Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals on the Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Butylene Succinate)

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