The InSight Mars Lander and Its Effect on the Subsurface Thermal Environment

Siegler, M. A.; Smrekar, S. E.; Grott, M.; Piqueux, S.; Müller, N.; Williams, J. P.; Plesa, Ana‐Catalina; Spohn, Tilman

doi:10.1007/s11214-017-0331-2

Cited by 21 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Another source of thermal perturbations is the lander itself, which casts shadows during daytime and acts as a radiator during the night. In total, the lander is estimated to change the average surface temperature by up to 4 K in the vicinity of the lander (Siegler et al 2017), and lander induced perturbations can thus have a significant influence on the surface energy balance. Care must be taken to remove these contributions during data analysis, and the HP 3 radiometer will be used to determine the surface brightness temperature variation over the duration of the mission and thus the surface boundary condition for modeling the subsurface data.…”

Section: Measuring the Planetary Surface Heat Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) for the InSight Mission

et al. 2018

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The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package HP 3 for the InSight mission will attempt the first measurement of the planetary heat flow of Mars. The data will be taken at the InSight landing site in Elysium planitia (136 • E, 5 • N) and the uncertainty of the measurement aimed for shall be better than ±5 mW m −2. The package consists of a mechanical hammering device called the "Mole" for penetrating into the regolith, an instrumented tether which the Mole pulls into the ground, a fixed radiometer to determine the surface brightness temperature and an electronic box. The Mole and the tether are housed in a support structure before being deployed. The tether is equipped with 14 platinum resistance temperature sensors to measure temperature differences with a 1-σ uncertainty of 6.5 mK. Depth is determined by a tether length measurement device that monitors the amount of tether extracted from the support structure and a tiltmeter that measures the angle of the Mole axis to the local gravity vector. The Mole includes temperature sensors and heaters to measure the regolith thermal conductivity to better than 3.5% (1-σ) using the Mole as a modified line heat The InSight Mission to Mars II Edited by William B.

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Section: Measuring the Planetary Surface Heat Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) for the InSight Mission

et al. 2018

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“…External forcing of the surface temperature results in a perturbation of this heat flow (Grott et al, ; Grott, ; Morgan et al, ; Plesa, Grott, Lemmon, et al, ; Siegler et al, ), which, however, decays quickly with depth depending on the periodicity of the forcing and thermal conductivity of the soil. The seasonal and diurnal perturbations are expected to be negligible if the HP 3 heat flow probe can be deployed to the full length of the tether of 5 m and if it is possible to average temperature over a whole seasonal cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration of the HP³ Radiometer on InSight

Müller

Knollenberg

Grott

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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The Heatflow and Physical Properties Package (HP 3 ) radiometer is currently operating on Mars, observing two spots approximately 1 and 3 m north-north-west of the InSight lander. The instrument has primary sensors that are sensitive in the range of 8 to 14 μm and two more sensors with more narrow spectral ranges per field of view. The radiometer underwent radiometric and geometric calibration at DLR-Berlin; and on Mars radiometric self-calibration is performed regularly. The self-calibration confirms that one of the two primary sensors has been stable since the ground calibration, but environmental parameters that are likely associated with the thermal contact of sensor and instrument main body may have slightly changed. The other primary sensor has increased in sensitivity for an unknown reason but is still within expectation from the sensor design. The uncertainty of the two primary sensors is approximately 3 K at night, with somewhat larger errors in the late afternoon. This estimate includes the effect of sensitivity changes that would be too small to be reliably detected by the self-calibration.The HP 3 -RAD radiometer is based on the designs of the MASCOT Radiometer (Grott et al., 2017) on Hayabusa 2, of the MERTIS instrument on Bepi-Colombo (Hiesinger & Helbert, 2010;Walter et al., 2006), and of the MUPUS Thermal Mapper on Rosetta (Spohn et al., 2007(Spohn et al., , 2015. The HP 3 -RAD was radiometrically calibrated in a space simulation chamber under conditions simulating the Mars environment over 2 weeks in April 2017. Onboard calibration occurred regularly after landing starting in December 2018.

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“…The VBB thermal sensitivity is also itself a function of temperature (see Lognonné et al, 2019). Ground temperature modeling as a possible source of thermal noise creating a ground tilt has also been studied based on the works of Siegler et al (2017), but has been found to be much weaker than the signal observed. The heater activation for the Martian winter in May 2019 also made it complicated to combine the data before and after the activation, as the temperature range changed a lot and so did the thermal noise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Modeling of the Phobos Tides and Applications to the First Martian Year of the InSight Mission

Pou

Nimmo

Lognonné

et al. 2021

Earth and Space Science

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The tidal response of Mars, due to the Sun and the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, provides information about the interior structure of Mars. By using the VBB seismometer of SEIS as a gravimeter on the surface of Mars, the InSight mission will provide long-period data suited to tidal analysis: most notably, the proximity of Phobos implies that degree 2, 3, 4 and further tides will be detectable by the VBB and are expected to provide information about the rheology at different depths within Mars. In order to expedite the recovery of these tidal signals in the SEIS measurements, we model the tides raised by Phobos using a tidal potential deduced from JPL Horizons ephemerides. From this potential, we calculate the expected tidal acceleration at InSight's location and gravimetric factors using a set of plausible interior models of Mars. To simulate the expected long period signal on the VBB seismometer, we use the InSight APSS data to model the noise seen at low frequency by SEIS mainly due to temperature and pressure variations. Based on this synthetic signal, by applying filtering methods such as stacking and matched filtering to these synthetic data, we show that by recovering the gravimetric factors, it should be possible to constrain the state of the core and its size with an accuracy of 125 km after 2 Earth years.

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The InSight Mars Lander and Its Effect on the Subsurface Thermal Environment

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) for the InSight Mission

The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) for the InSight Mission

Calibration of the HP³ Radiometer on InSight

Forward Modeling of the Phobos Tides and Applications to the First Martian Year of the InSight Mission

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The InSight Mars Lander and Its Effect on the Subsurface Thermal Environment

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) for the InSight Mission

The Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package (HP3) for the InSight Mission

Calibration of the HP3 Radiometer on InSight

Forward Modeling of the Phobos Tides and Applications to the First Martian Year of the InSight Mission

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Calibration of the HP³ Radiometer on InSight