The instantiation principle re-evaluated

Wilde, Els De; Vanoverberghe, Veerle; Storms, Gerrit; Boeck, Paul De

doi:10.1080/09658210244000126

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In terms of structure, there were two key findings. First, our results replicate the findings of Heit and Barsalou (1996) and of De Wilde et al (2003) that the instantiation model accounts well for the data from healthy control participants. Second, the model is about equally suited for predicting the data from the patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Category Content and Structure in Schizophrenia: An Evaluation Using the Instantiation Principle.

Elvevåg¹,

Heit²,

Storms³

et al. 2005

Neuropsychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In numerous studies, researchers have suggested anomalies in semantics in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, the authors addressed whether one such anomaly might reflect a difference in knowledge content or in the structure or organization of this information. Using a category member production task and a typicality rating task, the authors assessed knowledge content and found that patients' and control participants' knowledge about categories of foods and animals was very similar. In terms of structure, their findings from a mathematical model of category judgment (the instantiation model; E. Heit & L. W. Barsalou, 1996) revealed a similar category structure in patients and control participants. In conclusion, the authors suggest that the content and organization of categories in patients with schizophrenia is similar to that in healthy control participants.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Category Content and Structure in Schizophrenia: An Evaluation Using the Instantiation Principle.

Elvevåg¹,

Heit²,

Storms³

et al. 2005

Neuropsychology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It starts with defining a similarity structure that best captures the similarity of items, and then assumes related levels of gradually increasing accuracy based on related steps in an unsupervised process. Research along these lines was initiated by Barsalou (1996) andDe Wilde et al (2003), whose results cast doubt on the generality of the prototype and exemplar views on semantic concepts that have long dominated the research (e.g., Hampton, 1979;Rosch & Mervis, 1975;Nosofsky, 1992;Smith & Minda, 2000. We believe that the K-means Varying Abstraction Framework used in this paper may further our understanding of semantic concept representation.…”

Section: Relation With Other Intermediate Abstraction Modelsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Beyond exemplars and prototypes as memory representations of natural concepts: A clustering approach☆

Verbeemen

Vanpaemel

Pattyn

et al. 2007

Journal of Memory and Language

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Categorization in well-known natural concepts is studied using a special version of the Varying Abstraction Framework . A varying abstraction framework for categorization. Manuscript submitted for publication; Vanpaemel, W., Storms, G., & Ons, B. (2005). A varying abstraction model for categorization. In B. Bara, L. Barsalou, & M. Bucciarelli (Eds.), Proceedings of the 27th annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2277-2282). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum). This framework assumes a continuum between highly abstract memory representations (prototypes) and highly detailed representations of concept members (exemplars). Comparison stimuli for categorization are obtained by taking for each category the centroids of a set of clusters, produced by K-means clustering, effectively producing the Generalized Context Model (GCM; Nosofsky, R. M. (1986) Attention, similarity, and the identification-categorization relationship. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 115, 39-57) and the Single-Prototype Model as extreme cases. The clustering version of the Varying Abstraction Framework was fit on a set of novel, to-be-classified fruits and vegetables (Smits, Storms, Rosseel, & De Boeck, 2002) and on a new set of novel, to-be-classified carnivores and herbivores. Better fit values were clearly obtained for a model based on intermediately abstract representations, indicating a strategy where people compare the novel stimuli to a set of multiple prototypes. This sheds a new light on the prototype versus exemplar discussion that has dominated the literature over the past 25 years.

show abstract

“…In contrast we assume faces are concrete and specific low-LR exemplars that are processed with a subordinate individuation bias (D'Lauro, Tanaka, & Curran, 2008;Tanaka, 2001). High-LR stimuli may be more difficult to process because high-LR stimuli tend to activate multiple lower LR exemplars and perceptual features related to the category (e.g., De Wilde, Vanoverberghe, Storms, & De Boeck, 2003;Heit & Barsalou, 1996;Murphy & Smith, 1982 see also fan effect: Anderson & Reder, 1999). 3 Our general expectations are consistent with brain-based studies showing that faces (low-LR stimuli) and words (high-LR stimuli) are processed preferentially by partly separate networks responsible for perceptual and semantic processing (e.g., Henson, Price, Rugg, Turner, & Friston, 2002;Ito & Ulrand, 2005;Joyce, Cottrell, & Tarr, 2003;Puce, Allison, Asgary, Gore, & McCarthy, 1996;Tarkiainen, Cornelisen, & Salmelin, 2002;Todorov, Gobbini, Evans, & Haxby, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Picture‐IAT versus Word‐IAT: level of stimulus representation influences on the IAT

Foroni¹,

Bel-Bahar

2009

Euro J Social Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Implicit Association Test is a paradigm designed to assess individual differences in implicit cognition. The goal of this report was to examine the reasons for discrepant effect magnitudes obtained with two presumably interchangeable versions: Picture-IAT (P-IAT) and Word-IAT (W-IAT). We show that this discrepancy is due to the relation between stimuli and referent category: the level of representation (LR) at which a stimulus represents an intended category. Experiment 1 replicates the discrepancies found in previous research. Experiments 2-4 show that increasing the LR of stimuli increases the IAT effect. LR affects the magnitude of the IAT effect even when modality and other features of the stimuli are kept constant. The utility of LR for future investigations examining the IAT paradigm is discussed. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998; see also Devine, 2001) is a reaction time (RT) method developed as an indirect measure of individual differences in the strengths of associations among concepts (e.g., categories and attributes: for reviews see: Hoffman, Gawronski, Gschwendner, Le, & Schmitt, 2005;Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2006). Critical concerns regarding this paradigm have been partially addressed (e.g., Dasgupta, McGhee, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2000;Greenwald & Nosek, 2001;Nosek et al., 2006), yet the IAT shows serious limitations which require more elaboration (e.g., Blanton, Jaccard, Gonzales, & Christie, 2006;De Houwer & Moors, 2007;Klauer, Voss, Schmitz, & Teige-Mocigemba, 2007;Wentura & Rothermund, 2007).The present paper, in line with other research (e.g., Bluemke & Friese, 2006;De Houwer, 2002;Govan & Williams, 2004;Steffens & Jelenec, 2007) focuses on the modulating effect that features of the stimuli have on the IAT effect. In this paper, we take a novel look at the relation between the category labels and the stimuli to be classified. For the development of IATs, stimuli sets have been selected to avoid influence of known confounding variables such as social desirability (e.g., Greenwald et al., 1998;Ottaway, Hayden, & Oakes, 2001). Some authors suggest that items should be selected to instantiate the concepts of interest as closely as possible in order to make participants think of the label in the desired way (e.g., De Houwer, 2002;Govan & Williams, 2004;Olson and Fazio, 2003) but different versions have been developed to assess the same construct without much work to verify convergent validity across tests with the implicit assumption that different versions are interchangeable (i.e., supposedly measuring the same underlying construct). For instance, the Ethnic IAT (developed to measure the mental associations individuals hold about White-and Black-Americans) exists as a picture version (Picture-IAT) and a word version (Word-IAT) that present the same text labels representing a category but different stimuli sets for the relevant category (pictures of individuals and stereotypical first names printed in text, respectively).

show abstract

The instantiation principle re-evaluated

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Category Content and Structure in Schizophrenia: An Evaluation Using the Instantiation Principle.

Category Content and Structure in Schizophrenia: An Evaluation Using the Instantiation Principle.

Beyond exemplars and prototypes as memory representations of natural concepts: A clustering approach☆

Picture‐IAT versus Word‐IAT: level of stimulus representation influences on the IAT

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About