The Integration and Harmonisation of Secular and Islamic Ethical Principles in Formulating Acceptable Ethical Guidelines for Modern Biotechnology in Malaysia

Hasim, Nur Asmadayana; Amin, Latifah; Mahadi, Zurina; Yusof, Nor Ashikin Mohamed; Ngah, Anisah Che; Yaacob, Mashitoh; Olesen, Angelina Patrick; Aziz, Azwira Abdul

doi:10.1007/s11948-020-00214-4

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The Malaysian government has identified the biotechnology sector as a key driver for the country's future economy. 35 This can be seen by the introduction of the National Agriculture Policy, Malaysia's five-year plan, and the National Biotechnology Policy, the last of which reflects the importance of science and technology in supporting the growth of the Malaysian economy. Modern biotechnology has been identified as one of the enablers that could offer potential benefits for contributing to food security and environmental sustainability throughout the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers' attitudes towards GM crops and their predictors

et al. 2021

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BACKGROUND: Genetically modified (GM) crops have become a controversial global issue since their commercialization in 1996. However, despite technological advancements, only a few studies have investigated farmers' attitudes towards GM crops in Malaysia. Therefore, this study aims to analyse such attitudes and their determining factors. A validated questionnaire was distributed to farmers in the Cameron Highlands, Pahang (n = 176). SPSS software was used to analyse the descriptive statistics of the farmers' attitudes to GM crops, while SmartPLS software was used to determine the predictors.RESULTS: Descriptive analysis shows that the farmers claimed to have a high level of self-efficacy, and perceived GM crops as possessing high benefits which translate into a highly positive attitude towards GM crops. However, at the same time, they rated GM crops as involving moderate risks and would incur moderate costs to farm, as well as acknowledging a low level of support from the government. The structural equation model (SEM) analysis demonstrates that five factors have been identified as direct predictors of attitude to GM crops: government support (ß = 0.364, P < 0.001), perceived costs (ß = −0.282, P < 0.01), perceived risks (ß = −0.227, P < 0.01), perceived benefits (ß = 0.205, P < 0.01) and perceived self-efficacy (ß = 0.199, P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the existing knowledge and provides empirical support in explaining the factors that influence farmers' decisions to adopt GM crops and have significant implications for the future development of agrobiotechnology in Malaysia and in other developing countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmers' attitudes towards GM crops and their predictors

et al. 2021

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“…In addition to confirming a role for glucocorticoids in controlling PD-1 expression in both mouse and humans NK cells, this study highlights the potential effect of corticosteroid treatment on PD-1 expression levels in cancer patients NK cells. Although detection of PD-1-encoding mRNA in human NK cells indicates endogenous production [ 88 , 89 ], an interesting non-peer-reviewed preprint suggests that NK cells might also acquire PD-1 expression exogenously through membrane exchange with PD-1-expressing tumor cells [ 90 ].…”

Section: T Cell-associated Immune Checkpointsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory Receptors and Immune Checkpoints Regulating Natural Killer Cell Responses to Cancer

Buckle

Guillerey

2021

Cancers

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The discovery of immune checkpoints provided a breakthrough for cancer therapy. Immune checkpoints are inhibitory receptors that are up-regulated on chronically stimulated lymphocytes and have been shown to hinder immune responses to cancer. Monoclonal antibodies against the checkpoint molecules PD-1 and CTLA-4 have shown early clinical success against melanoma and are now approved to treat various cancers. Since then, the list of potential candidates for immune checkpoint blockade has dramatically increased. The current paradigm stipulates that immune checkpoint blockade therapy unleashes pre-existing T cell responses. However, there is accumulating evidence that some of these immune checkpoint molecules are also expressed on Natural Killer (NK) cells. In this review, we summarize our latest knowledge about targetable NK cell inhibitory receptors. We discuss the HLA-binding receptors KIRS and NKG2A, receptors binding to nectin and nectin-like molecules including TIGIT, CD96, and CD112R, and immune checkpoints commonly associated with T cells such as PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3. We also discuss newly discovered pathways such as IL-1R8 and often overlooked receptors such as CD161 and Siglecs. We detail how these inhibitory receptors might regulate NK cell responses to cancer, and, where relevant, we discuss their implications for therapeutic intervention.

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“…The safety and ethical concerns associated with the products derived from modern biotechnology, especially cloned animals, are still controversial subjects ( Hasim et al, 2020 ). Nevertheless, previous studies have shown that animal products’ chemical composition, including meat and milk, is similar between clone-derived and nonclone-derived animals ( Hur, 2017 ).…”

Section: Risk Of the Animal Product Derived From A Cloned Animalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following year, the same group of scientists used adult stem cells to clone Dolly. Presently, scientists are not only cloning various species of animals, but these advanced scientific techniques are also used for genetic modification (GM) purposes, such that in the production of transgenic animals ( Hasim et al, 2020 ). This process entails introducing a foreign gene into an animal’s genome to deliver desirable and economically significant characteristics in an animal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal cloning and consumption of its by-products: A scientific and Islamic perspectives

Kashim

Hasim

Zin

et al. 2021

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Islam is a religion that inspires its followers to seek knowledge continually and nurtures innovation, within the realms of Islamic rulings, towards an ameliorated quality of life. Up-to-date biotechnological techniques, specifically animal cloning, are involved in advancing society’s health, social, and economic domains. The goal of animal cloning includes the production of genetically modified animal for human consumption. Therefore, this research endeavoured to study animal cloning’s current scientific findings, examine the by-product of said process, and determine its permissibility in an Islamic context. This study employed descriptive literature reviews. Results concluded that animal cloning, especially in mammals, does not occur naturally as in plants. A broadly trusted and efficient animal cloning method is known as Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT), which includes three principal steps: oocyte enucleation; implantation of donor cells (or nucleus); and the activation of the embryo. Nevertheless, the limitations of SCNT, particularly to the Large Offspring Syndrome (LOS), should be noted. One of the forms of the application of animal cloning is in agriculture. From an Islamic perspective, determining the permissibility of consuming cloned animals as food is essentially based on whether the cloned animal conforms to Islamic law’s principles and criteria. Islam interdicts animal cloning when it is executed without benefiting humans, religion, or society. Nonetheless, if it is done to preserve the livelihood and the needs of a community, then the process is deemed necessary and should be administered following the conditions outlined in Islam. Hence, the Islamic ruling for animal cloning is not rigid and varies proportionately with the current fatwa.

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The Integration and Harmonisation of Secular and Islamic Ethical Principles in Formulating Acceptable Ethical Guidelines for Modern Biotechnology in Malaysia

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Farmers' attitudes towards GM crops and their predictors

Farmers' attitudes towards GM crops and their predictors

Inhibitory Receptors and Immune Checkpoints Regulating Natural Killer Cell Responses to Cancer

Animal cloning and consumption of its by-products: A scientific and Islamic perspectives

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