The integration and testing of the Mini-EUSO multi-level trigger system

Белов, А. А.; Bertaina, M.; Capel, Francesca; Fausti, F.; Fenu, Francesco; Климов, П. А.; Mignone, M.; Miyamoto, H.

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2017.10.044

Cited by 45 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Indeed, if more photons hit the same pixel within the double pulse resolution, just the first hit is recorded: the result is that the event looks fainter than it could be with a shorter double pulse resolution. Moreover, the experiment will also be upgraded with advanced self-triggering capabilities [12], replacing the current PDM data processing board with a new board with more memory and resources based on system-on chip (Zynq XC7Z030 FPGA [13]). It allows the implementation of data read-out on three timescales, to study different kind of phenomena.…”

Section: Pos(icrc2019)197mentioning

confidence: 99%

EUSO-TA ground based fluorescence detector: analysis of the detected events

Bisconti¹,

Belz²,

Bertaina³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019)

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EUSO-TA is a ground-based florescence detector built to validate the design of an ultra-high energy cosmic ray fluorescence detector to be operated in space. EUSO-TA detected the first air shower events with the technology developed within the JEM-EUSO program. It operates at the Telescope Array (TA) site in Utah, USA. With the external trigger provided by the Black Rock Mesa fluorescence detectors of Telescope Array (TA-FDs), EUSO-TA observed nine ultra-high energy cosmic ray events and several laser events from the Central Laser Facility of Telescope Array and portable lasers like the JEM-EUSO Global Light System prototype. The reconstruction parameters of the cosmic ray events which crossed the EUSO-TA field of view (both detected and not detected by EUSO-TA), were provided by the Telescope Array Collaboration. As the TA-FDs have a wider field of view than EUSO-TA (∼30 times larger), they allow the cosmic ray energy reconstruction based on the observation of most of the extensive air-shower profiles, including the shower maximum, while EUSO-TA only observes a portion of the showers, usually far from the maximum. For this reason, the energy of the cosmic rays corresponding to the EUSO-TA signals appear lower than the actual ones. In this contribution, the analysis of the cosmic-ray events detected with EUSO-TA is discussed.

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Section: Pos(icrc2019)197mentioning

confidence: 99%

EUSO-TA ground based fluorescence detector: analysis of the detected events

Bisconti¹,

Belz²,

Bertaina³

et al. 2019

Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019)

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“…• Mini-EUSO: an instrument operating inside the ISS made with two small Fresnel lenses, looking downwards from the Russian UV transparent window [13]; • K-EUSO, to be placed outside the ISS [14];…”

Section: The Jem-euso Collaboration Present Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lightweight Schmidt space telescope configuration for ultra-high energy cosmic ray detection

Deppo

Sandri

Mazzinghi³

et al. 2019

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2018

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One of the most challenging open questions of modern astrophysics and particle physics is the determination of the origins and the production mechanisms of the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), i.e. particles with energy above the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) limit, which is about 5×10 19 eV.UHECRs can be studied in two ways: either via direct detection of the secondary particles, i.e. extensive air shower (EAS), produced by UEHRCs interaction with the atmosphere, or by observing during night the track of the UV fluorescence emitted by EAS. The origin direction of the cosmic rays can be therefore determined.While ground-based observatories are already operative, different optical configurations, based mainly on the Schmidt camera layout or double Fresnel lenses concept, can be envisaged for future space-based ones. Both solutions faced in the past technological issues: transmission and resolution at large field angles for Fresnel lenses and weight of the primary mirror for the Schmidt. However, recent advances in the technology of ultra-lightweight, large and deployable active mirrors made the Schmidt camera approach feasible, becoming the preferred option.This work describes a lightweight Schmidt space telescope design for UHECRs detection conceived for a mission intended to orbit at 600 km altitude.The instrument concept is a fast, high-pixelized, large aperture and large Field-of-View (FoV) digital camera, working in the near-UV wavelength range with single photon counting capability. The telescope will record the track of an EAS with a time resolution of 2.5 µs and a spatial resolution of about 0.6 km (corresponding to ~ 4'), thus allowing the determination of energy and direction of the primary particles.The proposed design has about 50° FoV and a 4.2 m entrance pupil diameter. The mirror is 7.5 m in diameter, it is deployable and segmented to fit the diameter of the considered launcher fairing (i.e. Ariane 6.2). The Schmidt corrector plate is a lightweight annular corona.This configuration provides a polychromatic angular resolution less than 4' RMS over the whole FoV with a very fast relative aperture, i.e. F/# 0.7. Thanks to its very large pupil and large FoV, the design could be fit for a space-based observatory, thus enhancing the science achievable with respect to the presently operating ground-based counterparts, such as Telescope Array and Auger. A key advantage of this catadioptric design over the classic all refractive adopted in the past is the higher attainable global throughput. This parameter guarantees to reach and fulfil the required instrument photon collection specifications.

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“…The optical system consists of 2 Fresnel lenses of 25 cm diameter with a large FoV of ∼19 • . A multiple level trigger [22] will allow the measurement of UV transients at different time scales, complementing TUS observations. Laboratory experiments with Mini-EUSO engineering model and simulations confirm the sensitivity of Mini-EUSO to EECR-like transients around 10 21 eV.…”

Section: Tus and Mini-eusomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A space project devoted to the study of EECRs such as JEM-EUSO should have enough quality in terms of exposure determination and EAS parameter reconstruction to satisfy the scientific requirements of such an ambitious mission. A review of the key results obtained by each experiment of the JEM-EUSO program in this respect is described in the following (details can be found in [3] - [22]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Results from the first missions of the JEM-EUSO program

Bertaina

2019

EPJ Web Conf.

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The origin and nature of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) remain unsolved in contemporary astroparticle physics. To give an answer to these questions is rather challenging because of the extremely low flux of a few per km2 per century at extreme energies such as E > 5 × 1019 eV. The objective of the JEM-EUSO program, Extreme Universe Space Observatory, is the realization of a space mission devoted to scientific research of cosmic rays of highest energies. Its super-wide-field telescope will look down from space onto the night sky to detect UV photons emitted from air showers generated by UHECRs in the atmosphere. The JEM-EUSO program includes different missions using fluorescence detectors to make a proof-of-principle of the UHECR observation from space and to raise the technological level of the instrumentation to be employed in a space mission. EUSO-TA, installed at the Telescope Array site in Utah in 2013, is in operation. It has already detected 9 UHECRs in coincidence with Telescope Array fluorescence detector at Black Rock Mesa. EUSO-Balloon flew on board a stratospheric balloon in August 2014. It measured the UV intensity on forests, lakesandthecityofTimminsaswellasprovedtheobservationofUHECR-likeeventsbyshootinglasertracks. EUSO-SPB was launched on board a super pressure balloon on April 25th and flew for 12 days. It proved the functionality of all the subsystems of the telescope on a typical duration of a balloon flight; observed the UV emission on oceans and has a self-trigger system to observe UHECRs with energy E > 3×1018 eV. TUS, the Russian mission on board the Lomonosov satellite in orbit since April 28th 2016, is now included in the JEMEUSO program and has detected so far in the UHECR trigger-mode a few interesting signals. Mini-EUSO is in its final phase of integration in Italy, where several performance tests are being held. Mini-EUSO will be installed inside the International Space Station (ISS) in 2019. The main results obtained so far by such missions are summarized and put in prospect of future space detectors such as K-EUSO and POEMMA.

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The integration and testing of the Mini-EUSO multi-level trigger system

Cited by 45 publications

References 16 publications

EUSO-TA ground based fluorescence detector: analysis of the detected events

EUSO-TA ground based fluorescence detector: analysis of the detected events

A lightweight Schmidt space telescope configuration for ultra-high energy cosmic ray detection

Results from the first missions of the JEM-EUSO program

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