The integration of active travel and public transport in Norwegian policy packages: A study on ‘access, egress and transfer’ and their positioning in two multilevel contractual agreements

Child and adolescent patterns of commuting to school

“…If more public transport options were available for commuting to school this could reduce the barrier that car ownership poses to ATS, as well as support other societal benefits, since public transport use can involve an element of PA and can reduce traffic congestion and fuel emission during school commute times. ( Tønnesen et al, 2021 , Institute of Transport Economics, Norwegian Centre of Transport Research, 2017 , Naess, 2012 ).…”

The justice pitfalls of a sustainable transport transition

“…These realities highlight the difficulty of designing and implementing equitable transportation systems without public participation and political negotiation, including across spatial scales. A more holistic, systemic perspective must acknowledge the interdependence of elements in a transportation system, including the relationship between transport modes (Holden, 2007); access, exit and transfer (Tønnesen et al, 2020); housing markets (Henderson, 2013); employment patterns (Dorow et al, 2017); social practices (Cass and Faulconbridge, 2016); household dynamics (Deding et al, 2009); cultures and group belonging (Jensen, 2011); affect (Jensen, 2010); global supply chains (Henderson, 2020); gender (Cresswell and Uteng, 2008) and race (Hoffmann, 2016) aspects; and technological innovations (Sparrow and Howard, 2020). Complex socio-technical systems exhibit emergent properties, which limits scope for predicting and controlling the outcomes of planned interventions (Bulkeley et al, 2013; Hillier, 2008; Roo and Silva, 2016).…”

Bicycle Traffic Model for Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning

“…Due to the high level of energy consumption in the production phase, decreasing VKT alone is not sufficient-the number of vehicles owned must also be reduced [47,48]. Overcoming these negative trends is possible through the implementation of cycling, walking (active mobility or active travel), and smart mobility solutions that support them (e.g., intelligent transportation systems services, the Internet of Things, or Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS), with active travel as one of the options) [39,[49][50][51][52].…”

“…Another element that should be taken into account in further research is the integration of MaaS solutions into the cycling model, together with shared mobility services (including bicycle sharing, which is currently being implemented in the Tri-City agglomeration), and the possibility of changing the mode during the journey, to encourage modal shift and improve conditions for cycling. Shared mobility services, such as bike sharing, car sharing, ride sourcing, etc., influence travel behaviour by changing mobility patterns and modes and, thus, compete with more traditional modes of transport [4,33,46,51,101,105,106,108,211]. Shared mobility services have a positive impact on urban transport, as they can reduce the use of private vehicles and, thus, alleviate the current problems of public space scarcity, congestion, and negative environmental impacts.…”