The Integrative Model of Circulation: A Synthesis

Furst, Branko

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25062-1_25

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The classic cardiocentric postulate is that the heart is the primary organ generating the mechanical energy (pressure energy) to distribute systemic blood flow to organs and tissues (Rowell, 1993; Secomb, 2016). This view has been termed the pressure‐propulsion model (Furst, 2020; Furst & González‐Alonso, 2024), and is exemplified by the close temporal relationship between the blood pressure and flow waves in the aorta (Khir & Parker, 2005; Mynard et al., 2018; Parker & Jones, 1990) and the conduit arteries (Nichols et al., 2022). The observation that arterial, central venous and femoral venous pressures are maintained or only slightly altered (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no study to date has explored the associations between heat‐related changes in peripheral blood velocity or kinetic energy and the heart's output in humans. Answering this question will not only shed light on the longstanding debate of what drives blood circulation (Folkow & Neil, 1971; Furst, 2020; Furst & González‐Alonso, 2024; Guyton, 1967; Joyce & Wang, 2021; Krogh, 1912a,b; Patterson & Starling, 1914; Rowell, 1993), but will also help establish the effectiveness of passive lower‐limb heating as a therapeutic intervention to improve cardiovascular health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heat‐related changes in the velocity and kinetic energy of flowing blood influence the human heart's output during hyperthermia

Watanabe,

Koch Esteves,

Gibson

et al. 2024

The Journal of Physiology

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Passive whole‐body hyperthermia increases limb blood flow and cardiac output (), but the interplay between peripheral and central thermo‐haemodynamic mechanisms remains unclear. Here we tested the hypothesis that local hyperthermia‐induced alterations in peripheral blood flow and blood kinetic energy modulate flow to the heart and . Body temperatures, regional (leg, arm, head) and systemic haemodynamics, and left ventricular (LV) volumes and functions were assessed in eight healthy males during: (1) 3 h control (normothermic condition); (2) 3 h of single‐leg heating; (3) 3 h of two‐leg heating; and (4) 2.5 h of whole‐body heating. Leg, forearm, and extracranial blood flow increased in close association with local rises in temperature while brain perfusion remained unchanged. Increases in blood velocity with small to no changes in the conduit artery diameter underpinned the augmented limb and extracranial perfusion. In all heating conditions, increased in association with proportional elevations in systemic vascular conductance, related to enhanced blood flow, blood velocity, vascular conductance and kinetic energy in the limbs and head (all R2 ≥ 0.803; P < 0.001), but not in the brain. LV systolic (end‐systolic elastance and twist) and diastolic functional profiles (untwisting rate), pulmonary ventilation and systemic aerobic metabolism were only altered in whole‐body heating. These findings substantiate the idea that local hyperthermia‐induced selective alterations in peripheral blood flow modulate the magnitude of flow to the heart and through changes in blood velocity and kinetic energy. Localised heat‐activated events in the peripheral circulation therefore affect the human heart's output. imageKey points Local and whole‐body hyperthermia increases limb and systemic perfusion, but the underlying peripheral and central heat‐sensitive mechanisms are not fully established. Here we investigated the regional (leg, arm and head) and systemic haemodynamics (cardiac output: ) during passive single‐leg, two‐leg and whole‐body hyperthermia to determine the contribution of peripheral and central thermosensitive factors in the control of human circulation. Single‐leg, two‐leg, and whole‐body hyperthermia induced graded increases in leg blood flow and . Brain blood flow, however, remained unchanged in all conditions. Ventilation, extracranial blood flow and cardiac systolic and diastolic functions only increased during whole‐body hyperthermia. The augmented with hyperthermia was tightly related to increased limb and head blood velocity, flow and kinetic energy. The findings indicate that local thermosensitive mechanisms modulate regional blood velocity, flow and kinetic energy, thereby controlling the magnitude of flow to the heart and thus the coupling of peripheral and central circulation during hyperthermia.

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