2017
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.11.002
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The interaction between human papillomavirus and other viruses

Abstract: The etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in anogenital tract and head and neck cancers is well established. However, only a low percentage of HPV-positive women develop cancer, indicating that HPV is necessary but not sufficient in carcinogenesis. Several biological and environmental cofactors have been implicated in the development of HPV-associated carcinoma that include immune status, hormonal changes, parity, dietary habits, tobacco usage, and co-infection with other sexually transmissible agents… Show more

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Cited by 104 publications
(141 citation statements)
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“…Additional evidence of a biological dose–response also comes from studies comparing HPV acquisition and clearance by CD4 levels among PLHIV only, which was not the purpose of our study . The associations found are also biologically plausible . HIV may increase susceptibility to HPV infection and persistence of HPV infection among PLHIV due to immunodeficiency, the inflammatory response to HIV infection, immune dysregulation at the site of HIV infection, and/or the effects of HIV on HPV transcription and translation .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…Additional evidence of a biological dose–response also comes from studies comparing HPV acquisition and clearance by CD4 levels among PLHIV only, which was not the purpose of our study . The associations found are also biologically plausible . HIV may increase susceptibility to HPV infection and persistence of HPV infection among PLHIV due to immunodeficiency, the inflammatory response to HIV infection, immune dysregulation at the site of HIV infection, and/or the effects of HIV on HPV transcription and translation .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 74%
“…However, the direct mechanism is not clear (45)(46)(47). Additionally, the effects of duration of HAART use in cervical carcinogenesis prevention are still unknown (48,49).…”
Section: I) Cervical Cancer Pathogenesis Haart and Hiv/hpv Co-infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…HIV proteins can directly cause cancer growth by interfering with cellular functions (8,42,49,53). For example, HIV Tat proteins directly interact with the host tumour suppressor genes p53/pRb/p130/p107 and induce increased cell proliferation, which promote the effect of HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 in the rapidly progressing cervical carcinogenesis (33,42,49,53,54). The increased rate of HPV-associated cervical disease in HIV positive women is aggravated by HIV/HPV molecular interactions because HIV Tat proteins can modulate HPV E2 gene expression, which in turn, influences HPV viral replication (55,56).…”
Section: I) Cervical Cancer Pathogenesis Haart and Hiv/hpv Co-infectionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For example, viruses such as the Epstein Barr virus (EBV), the Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), human hepatitis C virus (HCV) show association with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (13). Co-infection of any one or multiple viruses may establish an environment that enhances tumor initiation and progression (14, 15). In additional to clinical phenotype, experimental models of co-infection have identified a variety of mechanisms that might contribute to tumorigenesis, including viral cofactors (16-18), common signalling pathway targets (18, 19), epigenetic modifications (reprogramming) (20-23), microenvironmental abnormalities (13) and interference with cell death (24, 25).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%