The interaction between social hierarchy and depression/anxiety: Involvement of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)

Acute stress causes sex-dependent changes to ventral subiculum synapses, circuitry, and anxiety-like behavior

“…[89][90][91] Although we did not track estrous cycle or testosterone levels here, we observed higher variability in males on basal excitatory, basal inhibitory, and activity-dependent excitatory synaptic strengths. The high individual variability in males is consistent with others 92,93 and may be explained by testosterone levels and/or social hierarchy as the mice were group-housed, 94 but more work is necessary to determine this. Our findings here provide strong evidence to evaluate sex as a biological variable when modeling diseases with sexually dimorphic features and illustrate striking sex differences in how acute stress is internalized in a cell-type, synapse-, and behavior-specific manner.…”

Loss of Slc39a12 in hippocampal neurons is responsible for anxiety-like behavior caused by temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis

“…When animals experience anxiety-like emotions, their desire for exploration decreases, leading to changes of behaviors in the OFT and EPM. Animals with anxiety induced by either chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) or chronic restraint stress model usually display reduced movement and time spent in the central area in OFT, and exhibit decreased total movement and distance in the open arm in the EPM as well [ 24 , 25 ]. The TMJ-OA model established in the present study by injecting MIA into the TMJ of rats showed reduced total and central area moving distances in OFT and decreased total and open arm moving distances in EPM.…”