“…The fact that SMEs contribute significantly to gross domestic product (GDP) and create jobs in developing nations helps to understand their role in society (Asad, Altaf, Israr, & Khan, 2020;Asad, Asif, Bakar, & Altaf, 2021;Khushi, Din, & Sulaiman, 2020;Sulaiman & Asad, 2023). Simultaneously, SMEs play a major role in the export earnings of developing nations Majali, Alkaraki, Asad, Aladwan, & Aledeinat, 2022;Mansour, Ahmi, & Popoola, 2021). Jordan, a developing nation, is no exception to this rule and is regarded as a haven for SMEs, with 98% of all businesses there being SMEs (Alshira'h, Alsqour, Lutfi, Adi, & Alshirah, 2020; Ta'Amnha, Magableh, Asad, & Al-Qudah, 2023).…”