The Interaction Effects of Gender, Race, and Marital Status on Faculty Salaries

Toutkoushian, Robert K.; Bellas, Marcia L.; Moore, John V.

doi:10.1080/00221546.2007.11772330

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, Bellas, Ritchey, and Parmer (2001) found that merit pay and across-the-board increases influence women faculty negatively, as women have lower salaries at first appointment. Toutkoushian, Bellas, and Moore (2007) studied the impact of gender, race, and marital status on salaries and found that married women earn 7 percent less than their married counterparts.…”

Section: Equity For Women Faculty and Faculty Of Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

2008

ASHE Higher Education Report

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Setting the StageM UCH HAS BEEN SAID over the last two decades about American college and university faculty. For the 1990s in particular, a maelstrom of critique from trustees, legislators, the popular press, faculty unions, and policymakers addressed needs for "reform" in how faculty are recruited, socialized, and rewarded throughout their careers. What has followed has been much quieter, however. Efforts have been made to redefine scholarship in reward systems, to implement post-tenure review systems, and to make the system fairer for women and minority faculty. How faculty go about their work has changed fundamentally with increasing use of technology, and faculty have become more involved in what Boyer (1990), Rice (1996), and have called the scholarships of teaching and community engagement (see also Hutchings and Shulman, 1999). Additionally, the composition of the American faculty has begun to change as more women and faculty of color have joined the professoriate, though many still find glass ceilings hindering career advancement-at times ceilings that appear made of Plexiglas (Terosky, Phifer, and Neumann, 2008). Admittedly, American higher education leaders and policymakers have not done away with the tenure system; that said, dramatic increases in part-time and non-tenure-track appointments has rendered the tenure system as less relevant to increasing numbers of academics (Schuster and Finkelstein, 2006).What is the history of the rhetoric, policy reform, and research on faculty over the last two decades, and what is missing in the dialogue? The purpose of this volume is to review and synthesize the literature on the American higher education faculty over the last fifteen to twenty years. As career-long students Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) •

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Section: Equity For Women Faculty and Faculty Of Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

2008

ASHE Higher Education Report

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“…The question of an academic's family status has been raised with regard to not only the increase in female participation in the academy and the gender norms that women in the workplace are challenging worldwide, but also due to the gendering of family life; there is the potential that marital status may continue to be a stabilizing force for men, but a constraint for women (Toutkoushian et al 2007;Wolfinger et al 2008). The CAP survey asked participants to identify if they were married or in a partnership, or single (including widowed or divorced).…”

Section: Changing Biographiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Biographies and Careers of Academics

Galaz-Fontes

Metcalfe

2015

Forming, Recruiting and Managing the Academic Profession

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“…In this context, male privilege fosters a chilly climate unaccommodating to women. These practices are embedded in academic culture (Bosetti, Kawalilak, & Patterson, 2008;García-Guevara, 2004;Hartley & Dobele, 2009;Marschke et al, 2007;Monk-Turner & Fogerty, 2010;Schoening, 2009;Toutkoushian, Bellas, & Moore, 2007;Wolfinger et al, 2008;Xu, 2008). Academic women also continue to occupy lower ranks and hold fewer upper-level administrative positions than their male counterparts, although change has occurred slowly in this regard (Bain & Cummings, 2000;García-Guevara, 2004;Marschke et al, 2007).…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Editors’ Note

Mitchell¹,

Amey²

2013

NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education

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Last year was full of major changes in government, education, policy, and other areas that impact our lives. Women were the focus of many political debates and elections worldwide. In the United States Congress, women now hold nearly 100 seats total, including 20 in the Senate, the first Asian-American woman, and the first openly gay woman senator. Women continue to earn the majority of degrees from the associate level through doctorate. Despite these accomplishments, one of the primary debates of 2012 regarded the continuing wage gap between men and women that begins as soon as one year after graduation, according to a recent study by the American Association of University Women. So, research about women, particularly women in higher education, is necessary to illustrate the issues women continue to face and to provide recommendations for improvement through practice.In this issue of NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education (NJAWHE), Amy Metcalfe and Laura Padilla González provide a study on the underrepresentation of women faculty in North America, examining factors in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Their findings stress the impact of child and parental leave policies amidst social roles and norms. In response to an American Council on Education meeting in which only 3 of 100 women indicated having a plan to achieve their leadership goals, Paaige Turner, Kristen Norwood, and Charlotte Noe provide recommendations to help women be intentional in their professional development. They lay out tenets to help women faculty and staff chart a course to formal leadership positions. The article by Kristina Gill and Stephanie Jones highlights experiences of women leaders in West Texas, indicating the need to cultivate leadership among women and encourage their advancement despite obstacles they face along the way. Providing a different perspective, Paige Haber-Curan discusses the delicate balancing act of women students in formal leadership roles. A common theme across these articles is the influence of existing organizational structure and context that results in challenges for women in higher education. In the issue's last article, Penny Pasque explores postmodern and constructivist feminist approaches to studying women leaders. She argues for awareness of unconscious ideas that form the basis for our perspectives, as these make a difference in how research is conducted, analyzed, and reported.Pasque notes in her article that the purpose of feminist research is to disrupt traditional ways of knowing and traditional research paradigms so that we can create new meaning and new perspectives. If we hope to create real change for women in higher education, then it is necessary to disrupt the status quo by taking a feminist approach and defining new meanings for research, leadership, organization, and work in higher education. We can do this by sharing information through writing in journals like NJAWHE, research, implementing new paradigms in the workplace, and drawing attention to recently published books that c...

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The Interaction Effects of Gender, Race, and Marital Status on Faculty Salaries

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

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Changing Biographies and Careers of Academics

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