The Interaction Effects of Gender, Race, and Marital Status on Faculty Salaries

Toutkoushian, Robert K.; Bellas, Marcia L.; Moore, John V.

doi:10.1353/jhe.2007.0031

Cited by 57 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Finally, prior research on faculty in a broad range of academic fields lends support to the idea that there are asymmetrical effects of specific combinations of personal-life statuses on salaries and other career outcomes (Fox et al, 2011;Toutkoushian et al, 2007). Long (1990) argues that marriage and parenthood have opposite effects for women academics, with marriage enhancing their careers while parenthood detracts from careers.…”

Section: Gender Marital and Parental Statuses And Careers In Semmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Other studies suggest that faculty members benefit from marriage, regardless of gender, but the marriage premium is more stable and larger for men (Toutkoushian, 1998;Toutkoushian et al, 2007).…”

Section: Gender Marital and Parental Statuses And Careers In Semmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Gender wage disadvantages also occur in academic work (see, for example, Barbezat, 2002;Bellas, 1994Bellas, , 1997Ginther and Kahn, 2004;Porter et al, 2008;Renzulli et al, 2006;Toutkoushian and Bellas, 2003;Toutkoushian et al, 2007;Umbach, 2007;Winslow, 2010). Wage gaps may vary among faculty according to discipline, with technology, engineering, and mathematics fields demonstrating the largest gaps (Umbach, 2007).…”

Section: Gender Marital and Parental Statuses And Careers In Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penalties and premiums: The impact of gender, marriage, and parenthood on faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields

Kelly

Grant

2012

Soc Stud Sci

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The prevalence of gender wage gaps in academic work is well documented, but patterns of advantage or disadvantage linked to marital, motherhood, and fatherhood statuses have been less explored among college and university faculty. Drawing from a nationally representative sample of faculty in the US, we explore how the combined effects of marriage, children, and gender affect faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields. We examine whether faculty members' productivity moderates these relationships and whether these effects vary between SEM and non-SEM faculty. Among SEM faculty, we also consider whether placement in specific disciplinary groups affects relationships between gender, marital and parental status, and salary. Our results show stronger support for fatherhood premiums than for consistent motherhood penalties. Although earnings are reduced for women in all fields relative to married fathers, disadvantages for married mothers in SEM disappear when controls for productivity are introduced. In contrast to patterns of motherhood penalties in the labor market overall, single childless women suffer the greatest penalties in pay in both SEM and non-SEM fields. Our results point to complex effects of family statuses on the maintenance of gender wage disparities in SEM and non-SEM disciplines, but married mothers do not emerge as the most disadvantaged group.

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Section: Gender Marital and Parental Statuses And Careers In Semmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Gender Marital and Parental Statuses And Careers In Semmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Gender Marital and Parental Statuses And Careers In Semmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Penalties and premiums: The impact of gender, marriage, and parenthood on faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields

Kelly

Grant

2012

Soc Stud Sci

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“…to policymakers and managers, professors are a workforce to be managed and measured individually; and we are individuals too resistant to change and too little accountable for their productivity. Such framing is evident in the two major realms of research on faculty-salaries (Fairweather, 1994;Perna, 2001;Toutkoushian et al, 2007) and changing (contingent) employment structures (Baldwin & chronister, 2001;Finkelstein et al, 1998;kezar & sam, 2013;schuster & Finkelstein, 2006). But little research exists on collective agency, on groups of faculty negotiating the terms and conditions of their employment and the academy's future (kezar, 2012;Rhoades, 1998).…”

Section: Putting Collective Agency Into Research On Professionalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Higher Education We Choose, Collectively: Reembodying and Repoliticizing Choice

Rhoades¹

2014

The Journal of Higher Education

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Reviewing three key areas of literature in our field (college choice, state policy, and faculty) the article identifies gaps that we can fill by reembodying and repoliticizing "choice," by which is meant moving beyond the individualized and "neutral" market logic in addressing the actions of collective entities in relation to politically charged policy issues, which we largely overlook. In calling our field to focus more on the "the higher education we choose," the article suggests reframing the prevailing premises of key public policy debates. It also suggests rethinking and recognizing the role that in our applied field we collectively play, in research and practice, in reconstructing academe. Underlying my centering of the "collective" throughout, is a call to recenter higher education's social value and societal benefits in the higher education we choose, collectively.

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“…In this context, male privilege fosters a chilly climate unaccommodating to women. These practices are embedded in academic culture (Bosetti, Kawalilak, & Patterson, 2008;García-Guevara, 2004;Hartley & Dobele, 2009;Marschke et al, 2007;Monk-Turner & Fogerty, 2010;Schoening, 2009;Toutkoushian, Bellas, & Moore, 2007;Wolfinger et al, 2008;Xu, 2008). Academic women also continue to occupy lower ranks and hold fewer upper-level administrative positions than their male counterparts, although change has occurred slowly in this regard (Bain & Cummings, 2000;García-Guevara, 2004;Marschke et al, 2007).…”

Section: Conceptual Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underrepresentation of Women in the Academic Profession: A Comparative Analysis of the North American Region

Metcalfe¹,

González²

2013

NASPA Journal About Women in Higher Education

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The Interaction Effects of Gender, Race, and Marital Status on Faculty Salaries

Cited by 57 publications

References 41 publications

Penalties and premiums: The impact of gender, marriage, and parenthood on faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields

Penalties and premiums: The impact of gender, marriage, and parenthood on faculty salaries in science, engineering and mathematics (SEM) and non-SEM fields

The Higher Education We Choose, Collectively: Reembodying and Repoliticizing Choice

Underrepresentation of Women in the Academic Profession: A Comparative Analysis of the North American Region

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