The Interaction Effects of the Parameters on Optimization Design in Paper Production Waste Usage on Alkali-Activated Slag with Taguchi Method

Abstract

The paper investigates the second-order interactions of parameters in an alkali-activated mixture of paper production waste (PPW) and blast furnace slag (BFS) in Taguchi method. The PPW including lime mud (LM) and paper sludge (PS). This paper provides the experimental models to assess the compressive and flexural strength of them at 7-day and 28-day. The results have shown that the second-order interactions between PPW and alkali-activated activator exists in each experimental model, and the significant interactions affect the selection of optimal compositions. Compared with the interactions between the PPW themselves, the interactions between PPW and alkali-activated parameters are the main significant factors affecting its physical properties. In each experimental model, the maximum compressive strength was 47.41 MPa in 7-day and 65.64 MPa in 28-day. Compared with the confirmatory experiments, the deviation of prediction calculated by experimental models was 3.08% and 0.56%, respectively. The maximum flexural strength was 5.74 MPa in 7-day and 5.96 MPa in 28-day; compared with the confirmatory experiments, the deviation of prediction calculated by experimental models was 5.40% and 0.17%. Considering the influence of circular materials, 30% of PPW should be a suitable ratio to replace BFS as the raw material of alkali-activated slag (AAS).

Designing Hollow Brick Waste Based Alkali Activated Composites by Taguchi Method

“…Four types of PPW-blast furnace slag specimens were prepared: lime mud, primary sludge, fly ash and bottom ash. It was found that PS content affected the setting time, bottom ash content affected the flexural and compressive strengths, and bottom ash and lime mud content affected the degree of shrinkage and the most suitable PPW-BFS mortar composition was lime mud: 5%; primary sludge: 5%; fly ash: 30%; bottom ash: 10% [32].…”

“…The optimum combination is determined based on the signalto-noise ratio (S/N) and is used to understand the effects of each parameter on the responses. Several studies have been conducted using the Taguchi method to convert complex waste compositions into construction materials [32,35,36]. The Taguchi method is efficiently utilized for examining waste materials with complex compositions, but its disadvantage is that it can only be used to optimize a single objective.…”

Upcycling Fly Ash, Red Clay Brick Waste, and Paper Sludge as Feedstock for Manufacturing a Lightweight Extruded Composite: Design and Characterization

“…Calcined PS has been used as a precursor in the production of geopolymers and AAC, in combination with FA [16,17], GGBFS [16], bottom ash [18] or CDW [19]. PS ash has also been used as a pozzolanic complement to PC in mortars and concrete [20][21][22]. Incorporation of PS as a source of cellulose fibers in geopolymeric FA matrices [23] made it possible to form low-density, low-shrinkage drying composites by casting [24,25].…”