The interaction of a commercial dry film adhesive with aluminium and organosilane treated aluminium surfaces: a study by XPS and ToF-SIMS

Rattana, Acharawan; Hermes, John D.; Abel, Marie‐Laure; Watts, John F.

doi:10.1016/s0143-7496(01)00056-2

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…One alternative consists into using organosilane based adhesion promoters such as γ-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane (GPS). When such a molecule is used as a primer (optimized process) on aluminium, the durability obtained is similar to that for chromic acid anodizing pretreatment and it has also been shown that a covalent bond is formed between aluminium and GPS as well as between an epoxy adhesive and GPS [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Incorporation of an Adhesion Promoter in a Structural Adhesive: Aspects of Durability and Interface Chemistry

Sautrot

Abel

Watts

et al. 2005

The Journal of Adhesion

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Incorporation of an Adhesion Promoter in a Structural Adhesive: Aspects of Durability and Interface Chemistry

Sautrot

Abel

Watts

et al. 2005

The Journal of Adhesion

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“…Thus any comparison between the failure mechanism of 'GBD'-and 'GBS'-pretreated joints must take into account the different adhesion mechanisms: in the case of a 'GBD'-pretreated joint the interfacial adhesion will arise from solely on secondary forces such as dispersion, polar and hydrogen bonding forces, and specific interactions such as acid-base bonding; whilst for 'GBS'-pretreated joints it will also involve primary (covalent) bonding between the silane adhesion-promoter and the metallic substrate, and also the adhesion promoter and adhesive [31].…”

Section: The Effect Of Surface Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crack growth in structural adhesive joints in aqueous environments

et al. 2007

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The adhesive fracture energy, G c , of metallic joints, bonded with a rubber-toughened epoxy adhesive, has been measured using monotonically-loaded tests. Such tests have been conducted in various relative humidities and in water, at 21 o C. Two surface pretreatments have been employed for the substrates prior to bonding: a simple grit-blast and degrease ('GBD') pretreatment or a grit-blast, degrease and silane primer ('GBS') pretreatment. The joints were formed using metallic substrates which were either (a) aluminium-alloy substrates, (b) steel substrates, or (c) 'dissimilar' substrates (i.e. one substrate being aluminium-alloy with the other one being steel).For both test environments, when G c was plotted against the crack velocity, three regions of fracture behaviour could be distinguished. At low rates of displacement the crack grew in a stable manner, visually along the interface, and relatively low crack velocities could be readily measured. This was termed 'Region I' and here the value of G c measured in the aqueous environment was relatively low compared to that measured in a relatively dry environment of 55% relative humidity. On the other hand, at relatively high rates of displacement the crack always grew in a stick-slip manner mainly cohesively in the adhesive layer at approximately 20 km/minute. This was termed 'Region III', and here the value of G c was relatively high and independent of the environmental test conditions employed. In this region the crack was considered to grow faster than the water molecules were able to reach the crack tip, which explains the independence of G c upon the test environment. In between 'Region I' and 'Region III', a transition region was observed which was designated as 'Region II'. The major effect of the 'GBS' pretreatment, compared to the 'GBD' pretreatment, was to increase the value of G c both in 'Regions I and III', although the presence of the silane primer had the far greater effect in 'Region I'.

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“…It is very likely to occur in the same manner as proposed in our previous study of the uptake of the curing agent on non-hydrated substrates. 7 Interaction at the TDI urone/silane interface may well occur as follows: based on the chemistry of an epoxycontaining molecule reacting with an amine curing agent, the nitrogen atom from the amine group of the curing agent reacts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbon atom from the epoxy group of the GPS molecule on the aluminium substrate, thus opening the epoxy ring, there is then a transfer of the hydrogen atom from the amine group to the oxygen atom from the opened epoxy ring and a network chain can be built within the system. The cross-linked molecule contains an alcoholic functional group.…”

Section: Adsorption Of Tdi Uronementioning

confidence: 99%

Interfacial chemistry of adhesives on hydrated aluminium and hydrated aluminium treated with an organosilane

Watts

Rattana

Abel

2004

Surface & Interface Analysis

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The adsorption of a commercial adhesive and two of its major components -an amine curing agent [2,4-toluene diisocyanate urone (TDI urone)] and an adhesive prepolymer resin [diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)] -on a hydrated aluminium surface and the hydrated surface coated with gglycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPS) has been investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The study of TDI urone adsorption indicated that adsorption was of the chemisorption type, and a specific interaction involving this molecule and the GPS immobilized on the hydrated aluminium surface was identified. From XPS and ToF-SIMS data it was found that the types of interaction of the curing agent with the bare substrate were of the donor-acceptor type.Study of the DGEBA adsorption showed different-shaped isotherms for the bare and the GPS-coated substrates. It was found that the typical Langmuir isotherm type was obtained for the GPS-coated substrate whereas no adsorption plateau was observed for the bare substrate within the concentration range studied. This resulted from a change in the conformation of the DGEBA molecule on the substrate when the concentration of DGEBA solution was increased. The bonding of DGEBA with both types of substrates was assumed to be via acid-base interactions (i.e. donor-acceptor interactions).Adsorption of the commercial adhesive on the hydrated surfaces was of BET Type IV form, rather than the simple monolayer adsorption isotherm (Langmuir type). This indicates multilayer adsorption, presumably in the pores of the hydrated substrate, as a result of a process analogous to adsorption condensation.

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The interaction of a commercial dry film adhesive with aluminium and organosilane treated aluminium surfaces: a study by XPS and ToF-SIMS

Cited by 52 publications

References 10 publications

Incorporation of an Adhesion Promoter in a Structural Adhesive: Aspects of Durability and Interface Chemistry

Incorporation of an Adhesion Promoter in a Structural Adhesive: Aspects of Durability and Interface Chemistry

Crack growth in structural adhesive joints in aqueous environments

Interfacial chemistry of adhesives on hydrated aluminium and hydrated aluminium treated with an organosilane

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