The interaction of magnesium ions with teichoic acid

Lambert, Peter A.; Hancock, I.C.; Baddiley, J.

doi:10.1042/bj1490519

Cited by 93 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…We could not detect fibronectin on HeLa cells with anti-fibronectin antibody (data not shown), suggesting that fibronectin plays little, if any, role in the binding of teichoic acid to HeLa cells. Teichoic acid also has an affinity with cations, especially magnesium (12,19), whereas the binding of teichoic acid to HeLa cells was not significantly affected by the magnesium or calcium concentration in the buffers (data not shown). From our results in this study, teichoic acid seems to bind almost specif- …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Teichoic Acid‐Like Substance as an Adhesin of Staphylococcus aureus to HeLa Cells

Matsuura

Miyake

Nakashima

et al. 1996

Microbiology and Immunology

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A cell wall component that bound to HeLa cells (HeLa cell-binding CWC) was isolated from a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus. The HeLa cell-binding CWC was resistant to heat (100 C, 1 hr) and proteases, did not stain with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 on SDS-PAGE but stained as a broad band with antiserum against the strain on Western blots. These data suggest that the HeLa cell-binding CWC is not a protein, and may be teichoic acid. Purified teichoic acid bound to HeLa cells, whereas fractions without teichoic acid did not. In Western blots, HeLa cell-binding CWC appeared as a broad band of less than 35 kDa, similar to that of purified teichoic acid. These data suggest that the HeLa cell-binding CWC obtained in this study is teichoic acid. Teichoic acid inhibited S. aureus adherence to HeLa cells and bound to the cells time and dose dependently, in a saturable and reversible manner, and therefore appears to be an adhesin of S. aureus to HeLa cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Teichoic Acid‐Like Substance as an Adhesin of Staphylococcus aureus to HeLa Cells

Matsuura

Miyake

Nakashima

et al. 1996

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…The interpretation of these results in cation assimilation and binding has been the focus of some discussion (133,134,289,377). However, high affinity for divalent cations in the wall matrix would be counterproductive and thus would work against the corresponding cation transport system of the cell (e.g., the Mg 2ϩ transporter [348]).…”

Section: D-alanyl Esters In the Binding Of Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16A) (289). Further studies with WTA from S. aureus showed that the binding of Mg 2ϩ reflects the ratio of D-alanine to P (21,290).…”

Section: D-alanyl Esters In the Binding Of Ligandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Continuum of Anionic Charge: Structures and Functions ofd-Alanyl-Teichoic Acids in Gram-Positive Bacteria

Neuhaus

Baddiley

2003

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

907

1,097

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SUMMARY Teichoic acids (TAs) are major wall and membrane components of most gram-positive bacteria. With few exceptions, they are polymers of glycerol-phosphate or ribitol-phosphate to which are attached glycosyl and d-alanyl ester residues. Wall TA is attached to peptidoglycan via a linkage unit, whereas lipoteichoic acid is attached to glycolipid intercalated in the membrane. Together with peptidoglycan, these polymers make up a polyanionic matrix that functions in (i) cation homeostasis; (ii) trafficking of ions, nutrients, proteins, and antibiotics; (iii) regulation of autolysins; and (iv) presentation of envelope proteins. The esterification of TAs with d-alanyl esters provides a means of modulating the net anionic charge, determining the cationic binding capacity, and displaying cations in the wall. This review addresses the structures and functions of d-alanyl-TAs, the d-alanylation system encoded by the dlt operon, and the roles of TAs in cell growth. The importance of dlt in the physiology of many organisms is illustrated by the variety of mutant phenotypes. In addition, advances in our understanding of d-alanyl ester function in virulence and host-mediated responses have been made possible through targeted mutagenesis of dlt. Studies of the mechanism of d-alanylation have identified two potential targets of antibacterial action and provided possible screening reactions for designing novel agents targeted to d-alanyl-TA synthesis.

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“…Other types of amphipathic polymers, such as lipomanna (17,18), choline phosphate-containing substance (Forssman antigen) (9), and fatty acid-containing heteropolysaccharide (20,23), were reported to be present, instead of typical lipoteichoic acids, in a limited number of gram-positive bacteria. The ubiquitous occurrence of such amphipathic polymers in a variety of gram-positive bacteria suggests their essential role in membrane functions (4,12). In 1984, Op den Camp et al (16) reported a new type of lipoteichoic acid, which consists of a polysaccharide chain (1,6-linked ,-D-glucan or 1,5-linked ,-D-galactofuranan), a 1,2-linked polyglycerophosphate chain, and a glycolipid moiety, in Bifidobacterium bifidum.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure of macroamphiphiles from several Bifidobacterium strains

et al. 1990

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Lipoteichoic acid-like substances, macroamphiphiles, were isolated from cell homogenates ofBifidobacterium bifidum YIT 4007 and YIT 4013, Bifidobacterium breve YIT 4010 and YIT 4014, and Bfidobacterium longum YIT 4021 by phenol extraction followed by nuclease digestion, gel chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The macroamphiphile preparations from these five strains contained D-glucose, D-galactose, glycerol, phosphorus, L-alanine, and fatty acids in molar ratios of 1.00, 1.57 to 1.95, 1.02 to 1.99, 0.97 to 1.72, 0.15 to 0.46, and 0.16 to 0.43. Data from structural analyses including methylation, 'H nuclear magnetic resonance measurement, alkaline hydrolysis, mild acid hydrolysis, and hydrogen fluoride treatment led to the most likely common structure for the macroamphiphiles of the examined strains,L-Ala-Gro-P (m = 11 to 18; n = 8 to 12) where Gro-P is glycerophosphate, m is the number of repeating units of galactofuranan, and n is the number of repeating units of glucan. Whereas the polymers from the respective strains differed in the numbers of repeating units of the galactofuranan and glucan moieties and in the number of fatty acid residues, the proposed structure is essentially the same as that reported previously for the macroamphiphile of B. bifidum subsp. pennsylvanicum DSM 20239 by W. Fischer (Eur. J. Biochem. 165:639-46, 1987). H--5Galf1l)m(6Gcp,3l)-n-6Galp,Bl-3-diacylglyceroI 16 L-Ala-Gro-P (m = 7 to 10; n = 8 to 15) where Gro-p is glycerophosphate, m is the numbering of repeating units of galactofuranan, and n is the number of repeating units of glucan.Thus, it is of interest to establish the structure for the macroamphiphile of Bifidobacterium and to confirm the common occurrence of such amphipathic polymers in a variety of Bifidobacterium species. This report describes the * Corresponding author. results of studies on the isolation and structure of the macroamphiphiles from five Bifidobacterium strains. MATERIALS AND METHODSMacroorganisms and isolation of macroamphiphiles. Cells of B. bifidum YIT 4007 and YIT 4013 (ATCC 15696), Bifidobacterium breve YIT 4010 and YIT 4014 (ATCC 15700), and Bifidobacterium longum YIT 4021 (ATCC 15707), selected from the culture collection of Yakuruto Central Institute for Microbiological Research, were grown and harvested as described previously (8). The extraction and purification of macroamphiphiles were essentially as described previously for the preparation of lipoteichoic acids (10). Sonic disintegration of the cells, extraction with hot phenol, nuclease treatment, and purification by column chromatography of Sepharose CL-6B, DEAE-Sephacel, and Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B were included.Alkaline treatment. Mild alkaline hydrolysis for deacylation was carried out in 0.2 M NaOH at 30°C for 2 h, and alkaline hydrolysis for removal of glycerophosphate residues from macroamphiphiles was done in 0.3 M NaOH at 100°C for 4 h. After neutralization with 2 M HCI, the alkaline hydrolysis products were fractionated by chromatograp...

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The interaction of magnesium ions with teichoic acid

Cited by 93 publications

References 20 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Teichoic Acid‐Like Substance as an Adhesin of Staphylococcus aureus to HeLa Cells

Isolation and Characterization of Teichoic Acid‐Like Substance as an Adhesin of Staphylococcus aureus to HeLa Cells

A Continuum of Anionic Charge: Structures and Functions ofd-Alanyl-Teichoic Acids in Gram-Positive Bacteria

Structure of macroamphiphiles from several Bifidobacterium strains

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