The interaction of neutrophils with respiratory epithelial cells in viral infection

Abstract

The interaction of neutrophils with respiratory epithelial cells in viral infectionWANG S-Z, FORSYTH KD. Respirology 2000; 5: 1-9 Abstract: Viral respiratory infection is very common. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects almost all children during the first 2 years of life. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis, which is strongly linked with asthma. However, the pathophysiology of RSV bronchiolitis is unclear. Neutrophils are the predominant airway leucocytes in RSV bronchiolitis and other viral infections. Neutrophils and their products are likely to play an important role in viral infection. Current evidence indicates that: (i) viral infection of epithelial cells increases the production of neutrophil chemoattractants or chemokines, which induce neutrophil migration into the inflammatory sites; (ii) the expression of adhesion molecules on neutrophils and epithelial cells is up-regulated in viral infection, and neutrophil-epithelial adhesion is increased; (iii) neutrophils augment epithelial damage and detachment induced by viral infection and contribute to the pathophysiology of viral disease; (iv) neutrophil apoptosis is up-regulated in RSV infection, which may be an in vivo mechanism to limit neutrophil-induced epithelial damage; (v) inhibitors of chemokines, adhesion molecules or neutrophil proteases may be useful in prevention of neutrophil-induced epithelial damage. In conclusion, neutrophils play an important role in viral infection, and intervention to prevent neutrophil-induced epithelial damage may be a potential clinical therapy.

IL-12 Protects against Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis by Increasing IFN-γ and Macrophage and Neutrophil Populations in the Heart

“…Neutrophils are known to clear various bacterial infections, but their contribution to the antiviral response has been unclear (22). There is evidence that neutrophils contribute to the control of HSV infection of the cornea (71) and respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lung (72). Our results suggest that neutrophils may also be important in clearing CVB3 infection from the heart.…”

Neutrophils Promote Mononuclear Cell Infiltration During Viral-Induced Encephalitis

“…Although neutrophils are usually considered as important participants to combat extracellular bacterial infections, they are also prominent components of inflammatory responses induced by numerous viral infections (21)(22)(23)(24). During herpes simplex virus infection, neutrophils have been shown to play a clear role in limiting virus replication following dermal, ocular and mucosal infections, however, no distinct antiviral mechanism(s) have been elucidated for neutrophils in any of these tissues (19,(25)(26)(27)(28).…”

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ agonists inhibit respiratory syncytial virus‐induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 in human lung epithelial cells

“…6 Especially, the increased cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on RSVinfected human airway epithelial cells is responsible for an enhanced adhesion of the recruited immune effector cells resulting in an increased cytotoxicity. 7,8 Thereby, ICAM-1 serves as a counter receptor for the b 2 leucocyte integrins expressed on leucocytes, i.e. leucocyte functionassociated-1 (LFA-1) (CD11a/CD18) and Mac-1 (CD11b/ CD18).…”

“…Human A549 pulmonary type II epithelial cells (passages [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] were cultured in DMEM (4500 mg/l D-glucose), supplemented with 2 mM glutamine, 5% (v/v) inactivated FCS, streptomycin (100 lg/ml), and penicillin (100 IU/ml). The NHBE cells were cultured in complete BEGM medium (5 lg/ml insulin, 0Á5 lg/ml hydrocortisone, 10 lg/ml transferrin, 6Á5 ng/ml triiodothyronine, 0Á5 lg/ml epinephrine, 0Á5 ng/ml human epidermal growth factor, 0Á1 ng/ml retinoid acid, 50 lg/ml gentamicin, and 52 lg/ml bovine pituitary extract).…”