The Interaction of Osteoblasts With Bone-Implant Materials: 1. The Effect of Physicochemical Surface Properties of Implant Materials

Abstract

This comparative study of various surface treatments of commercially available implant materials is intended as guidance for orientation among particular surface treatment methods in term of the cell reaction of normal human osteoblasts and blood coagulation. The influence of physicochemical surface parameters such as roughness, surface free energy and wettability on the response of human osteoblasts in the immediate vicinity of implants and on the blood coagulation was studied. The osteoblast proliferation was monitored and the expression of tissue mediators (TNF-α, IL-8, MMP-1, bone alkaline phosphatase, VCAM-1, TGF-β) was evaluated after the cell cultivation onto a wide range of commercially available materials (titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy with various surface treatments, CrCoMo alloy, zirconium oxide ceramics, polyethylene and carbon/carbon composite). The formation of a blood clot was investigated on the samples immersed in a freshly drawn whole rabbit blood using scanning electron microscope. The surfaces with an increased osteoblast proliferation exhibited particularly higher surface roughness (here R a > 3.5 µm) followed by a high polar part of the surface free energy whereas the effect of wettability played a minor role. The surface roughness was also the main factor regulating the blood coagulation. The blood clot formation analysis showed a rapid coagulum formation on the rough titanium-based surfaces. The titanium with an etching treatment was considered as the most suitable candidate for healing into the bone tissue due to high osteoblast proliferation, the highest production of osteogenesis markers and low production of inflammatory cytokines and due to the most intensive blood clot formation.

Evidences ofin vivobioactivity of Fe‐bioceramic composites for temporary bone implants

“…Monocyte cells are the precursor for macrophage and will be recruited into the surrounding implant during inflammation reaction. 36,37 High number of monocyte in the circulatory blood indicates less monocyte is recruited to infiltrate the tissue. This is related to the histological analysis which found more macrophage cells at the periimplant tissue (granular tissue) of Fe-HA.…”

Cleaning and modification of intraorally contaminated titanium discs with calcium phosphate powder abrasive treatment

“…This includes a clean and biocompatible implant surface because contamination of the implant surface results in a lowering of the surface free energy (Bair & Meyer 1988). This means that as the surface free energy decreases, the chance that bone grows into contact with the titanium surface decreases (Kubies et al 2011). Thus, the surface debridement method of choice should ideally not only remove the biofilm from the implant surface but also restore the initial implant surface properties or even improve them.…”

A Surface‐Tailoring Method for Rapid Non‐Thermosensitive Cell‐Sheet Engineering via Functional Polymer Coatings

“…The surface energy of each polymer was calculated by contact angle analysis with deionized (DI) water and diiodomethane (DIM) droplets (Figure 1d). The calculated surface energy of the p4VP homopolymer film was similar to that of the TCP (70.21 mJ m −2 ) [ 26 ] (Figure 1e). The surface energy of the pDVB homopolymer film was estimated to be 30.1 mJ m −2 , which is the lowest surface energy among those of the polymers used in this work.…”