The Interaction of Plant Growth Regulators and Vernalization on the Growth and Flowering of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)

Guo, Danlu; Shah, Ghazanfar Ali; Guangwen, Zeng; Zheng, Sujun

doi:10.1023/b:grow.0000040114.84122.11

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Temperature at 24°C advanced stem growth and longer than 18°C and 30°C. Guo et al (2004) indicated that stem diameter was associated with vernalization, which suggested that a temperature of 24°C was perhaps not an effective vernalization temperature for mid-to latematurity types because more stem growth substituted for apex growth. When both cultivars were subjected to high-temperature conditions (30°C), apex elongation underwent significant retardation and was accompanied by the continuous growth of stem and leaves.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curd Initiation and Transformation in Tropical Cauliflower Cultivars under Different Temperature Treatments

Chen-Yu¹,

KanShu²,

HsuanPing³

et al. 2019

horts

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This study investigated the effects of different temperature treatments (18, 24, and 30 °C) on apex development in tropical cauliflower cultivars of varying maturity types. Two commercial cultivars, H-37 (early maturity) and H-80 (mid–late maturity), were used as the testing materials. ‘H-37’ reached the curd-initiation phase earlier than ‘H-80’ and showed superior growth during the curd’s initial development phase under all temperature treatments. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects regarding main temperature and cultivar as well as their interaction. ‘H-37’ at a temperature of 18 °C demonstrated the optimal transformation of apex development from the vegetative to reproductive stage. A temperature of 24 °C promoted the apex development of ‘H-37’ at the curd initial development phase. Gene expression analysis results indicated that the BoFLC2 expression of ‘H-37’ was significantly down-regulated than that of ‘H-80’ after curd initiation and advanced growth. A temperature 30 °C accelerated the ending of juvenile stage and forward to curd initiation in ‘H-80’ and declined with temperature decreased. Moreover, expression of the BoFLC2 transcript level of both tropical cauliflower cultivars nearly disappeared at the high temperature of 30 °C following curd initiation, suggesting that heat stress hinders curd formation. The results of this study also indicate that the number of leaves required to induce curd initiation is less than nine in tropical cauliflower at temperatures of 18 to 30 °C. In conclusion, under nonvernalized high temperatures, different cultivars of tropical cauliflower can initiate curd development but with a different pattern from those cultivars grown in temperate zones. This information may provide novel insights for cauliflower farmers or breeders in tropical regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Curd Initiation and Transformation in Tropical Cauliflower Cultivars under Different Temperature Treatments

Chen-Yu¹,

KanShu²,

HsuanPing³

et al. 2019

horts

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“…Six bioactive GAs (GA 1 , GA 3 , GA 4 , GA 5 , GA 6 , AND GA 7 ) are produced through two different biosynthetic pathways: the early-13-hydroxylation pathway and the non-13-hydroxylation pathway (Sponsela and Hedden, 2004). Previous studies have demonstrated that GA 4+7 , but not GA 3 , affects floral induction of cauliflower plants (Booij, 1989(Booij, , 1990Guo et al, 2004), suggesting that only GAs of the non-13 hydroxylation pathway are active in the developing meristem of the plant. When studying the effects of exogenous GAs on a plant, it is important to know which of these GAs are present in the developing meristem of the plant.…”

Section: Determining Endogenous Gas Through Ga Extraction a N D P U Rmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…When studying the effects of exogenous GAs on a plant, it is important to know which of these GAs are present in the developing meristem of the plant. Booij (1989Booij ( , 1990 and Guo et al (2004) showed that GA 4+7 , but not GA 3 , has an effect in floral induction of cauliflower plants, suggesting that, at this stage of the development, only GAs of the non-13 hydroxylation pathway are active. To determine whether GAs from the early-13 hydroxylation pathway are present in inflorescence meristem and floral bud stages, GAs were extracted from curd of cauliflower and head of broccoli and analyzed as methyl ester derivatives by GC-MS after fractionation using HPLC (Rosin et al, 2003).…”

Section: Determining Endogenous Gas Through Ga Extraction a N D P U Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several studies, GAs did not affect reproductive induction in broccoli (Fontes and Ozbun, 1970) or cauliflower (Aditya and Fordham, 1995;Fernandez et al, 1997). At noninducing temperatures, the cold treatment is sometimes replaced by GA (Fernandez et al, 1997) and sometimes not (Guo et al, 2004). These inconsistencies may result from genetic variation within Brassica for GA responsiveness, variation in the sensitivity to GA among the tissues to which GA was applied, variation in sensitivity during the developmental stage at application, or variable sensitivity to the bioactive GA.…”

Section: Gibberellinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gibberellin Control of Reproductive Transitions in Brassica oleracea Curd Development

Duclos

Björkman

2015

J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) and broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica) differ in the developmental stage of the reproductive meristem at harvest. A cauliflower head is formed by arrest at the inflorescence meristem stage and broccoli at the flower bud stage, and the horticultural value of the crop depends on synchronous development across the head. In other plant species, gibberellin (GA) can promote floral development and is therefore a candidate for providing the early developmental cues that shape the curd morphology. This research investigated the effect of GAs on the two horticulturally important transitions of the reproductive meristem: initiation of the inflorescence meristem and initiation of floral primordia on the proliferated inflorescence meristems. GA is known to affect the former in many species, but effects on the latter have not been determined. It is also not known whether one or both active forms produced by the two GA biosynthetic pathways is involved in the reproductive transitions in this crop. GAs from the early-13 hydroxylation pathway (GA3) and the non-13 hydroxylation pathway (GA4+7) were applied to the shoot apical meristems of cauliflower and broccoli at three developmental stages: adult-vegetative, curd initiation, and curd enlargement. GAs applied during the adult vegetative stage caused the curd to form faster and after fewer additional nodes in both cauliflower and broccoli. GAs applied to the inflorescence meristem did not cause floral primordia to form nor did the expression of transition-associated genes change. Integrator genes BoLFY and SOC1 had constant expression over 24 hours, and meristem-identity genes BoAP1-a and BoAP1-c remained undetectable. However, GAs applied early during the reproductive phase increased bract development in cauliflower curds. This study shows that GAs from both pathways can trigger the vegetative-to-reproductive transition in both cauliflower and broccoli, resulting in earlier curd formation. However, GAs did not advance the inflorescence-meristem-to-floral-primordium transition; on the contrary, they increased bract incidence in cauliflower, a sign of reversion toward the vegetative stage, suggesting that another pathway is responsible for this second transition in cauliflower and broccoli.

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“…GAs form a large family of diterpenoid compounds, some of which are bioactive growth regulators, that control such diverse developmental processes as seed germination, stem elongation, leaf expansion, trichome development, and flower and fruit development (Chen et al 2003;Guo et al 2004;Naor et al 2004). Such regulation depends on the presence of active GAs and the ability of cells to perceive and respond to gibberellins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of pistillate flowers yield with GA3 in heavy metals treated plants

Chaudhry

Khan

2006

Plant Growth Regul

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GA 3 can be beneficial to improve the flowering yield in Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl. and Luffa cylindrica L. (Roem) treated with HgCl 2 and PbðNO 3 Þ 2 . This paper reviews the literature on the possible involvement of gibberellins in flower development and suggests that plants under the stress of heavy metals can be treated with GA 3 to improve growth parameters, to avoid delay in flowering and likewise quality of fruit can be improved. Applied GA 3 (400 mg/l) caused precocious flowering, increasing the number of flowers in the treated plants. All data was compared with control plants grown under similar conditions. Both heavy metals caused significant delay in flowering, consequently leading to reduction in the number of flowers. However, when GA 3 was applied with HgCl 2 and PbðNO 3 Þ 2 , there was less decrease in staminate and pistillate flowers, revealing the dominant effect of GA 3 . Current work reveals that inhibitory effects of heavy metals on flowering can be partially restored with GA 3 application.

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The Interaction of Plant Growth Regulators and Vernalization on the Growth and Flowering of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis)

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Curd Initiation and Transformation in Tropical Cauliflower Cultivars under Different Temperature Treatments

Curd Initiation and Transformation in Tropical Cauliflower Cultivars under Different Temperature Treatments

Gibberellin Control of Reproductive Transitions in Brassica oleracea Curd Development

Improvement of pistillate flowers yield with GA3 in heavy metals treated plants

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