The interaction of salinity and chromium in the influence of barley growth and oxidative stress

Abstract

The effect of chromium and NaCl on growth and anti-oxidative enzymes in two barley genotypes differing in salt tolerance was investigated in a hydroponic experiment. Salinity stress reduced plant growth, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, while increased SOD and POD activities, and MDA content in barley plants. CM72, a salt-tolerant genotype was less affected by salinity stress than Gairdner, a salt-sensitive genotype. The effect of Cr on plant growth and anti-oxidative enzymes varied with Cr level. Under low Cr level (10 µmol), plant growth inhibition and oxidative stress caused by salinity stress were generally alleviated, in particular for Garidner. The combined stress of high Cr level (50 µmol) and NaCl stress caused more severe oxidative stress, resulting in further reduction of plant growth parameters, photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance as compared to two stresses alone.

Application of nanomaterial graphene oxide on biochemical traits of Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) under salinity stress

“…The reduction in plant growth under salinity stress is explained by adverse impacts of extreme salinity on the ion homeostasis, water balance, mineral nutrition and photosynthetic carbon metabolism (Zhu 2001;Yusuf et al, 2007). Reduction in plant growth due to salinity was reported in previous studies on Rice (Nemati et al, 2011;Nounjan and Theerakulpisut, 2012), Barley (Ali et al, 2011), and Periploca sepium (Sun et al, 2011). The advantage of the low concentration of GO in our result can be explained by its effects on improving the Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis and concentration, as well as promoting the root growth and elongation in plant (Cheng et al, 2016).…”

Silicon occurrence, uptake, transport and mechanisms of heavy metals, minerals and salinity enhanced tolerance in plants with future prospects: A review

“…Chromium exists in various forms however, the most toxic form to living organisms is Cr(VI) because it can easily pass through membranes and enter into cytoplasm and affect the metabolic processes (Shanker et al, 2004;Singh et al, 2013). Chromium induced deleterious effects on plants growth and reduced seed germination, induces oxidative damage affects nutrients uptake, interact with photosynthesis processes, affects water balance and N-metabolism (Ali et al, 2011;Gangwar and Singh, 2011;Singh et al, 2013). Therefore, alleviation of Cr is needed to increase the crops productivity and as well as reduced the Cr entry in food to minimize the health risks.…”

Alleviation of chromium toxicity by glycinebetaine is related to elevated antioxidant enzymes and suppressed chromium uptake and oxidative stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Although the general agreement in literature is that excess Cr induces a decrease in photosynthetic pigments in plants including wheat (Dey et al 2009). Chromium-induced reduction in photosynthetic pigments has been attributed to alteration of chloroplast ultrastructure and inhibition of photosynthetic pigments, gas exchange parameters due to decomposition of chl a, b, and carotenoids by increasing chlorophyllase activities (Gill et al 2015;Ali et al 2011;Hegedus et al 2001). Reduction in chlorophylls may also be due to the ROS generation in plants under metal stress (Ehsan et al 2014).…”