The Interaction of Thrombin With the Plasma Components of Man and Experimental Animals

Fantl, P; Ebbels, L

doi:10.1038/icb.1953.22

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…He suggested a direct relationship between platelet sulphydryl groups and platelet structure. The experiments of Fantl, Ebbels, and Nelson (1951) lead to similar conclusions. Unpublished preliminary results of platelet investigations on the affected sister of case 4 indicate that platelet stickiness is abnormal in homocystinuria (Macdonald, personal communication).…”

Section: Thrombosissupporting

confidence: 71%

Pathological findings in homocystinuria

Gibson¹,

Carson²,

Neill³

1964

J Clin Pathol

208

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Pathological findings are described in four cases of a new aminoaciduria in which homocystine is excreted in the urine. All the patients were mentally retarded children. Three of them presented diagnostic features of Marfan's syndrome. Necropsy on one case and biopsy findings in the others are described. Fatty change occurs in the liver. The most striking lesions are vascular. Metachromatic medial degeneration of the aorta and of the elastic arteries in the necropsied case are considered in relation to Marfan's syndrome. Other changes, particularly thrombosis which is prevalent in homocystinuria, suggest the possibility of a platelet defect. The findings are discussed in respect of an upset in the metabolism of sulphur-containing amino-acids and with particular reference to Marfan's syndrome.

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Section: Thrombosissupporting

confidence: 71%

Pathological findings in homocystinuria

Gibson¹,

Carson²,

Neill³

1964

J Clin Pathol

208

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“…The means by which these substances induce agglutination, and the relationship of agglutination to alterations in enzymatic activities of platelets are controversial. Through the use of sulfhydryl reagents and inhibitors, intact thiol groups have been demonstrated to be essential for maintenance of platelet integrity (3,4) and for certain enzymatic and biological functions of platelets ( 5,6,7). However, the role of thiol groups in platelet agglutination is not clear.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test serum restores bactericidal activity to the system to the extent that it contributes specific antibody. This assay has provided useful information as to the oriqin, specificity, and distribution of natural antibodies to Gram-neqative bacteria (4) and the effects of endotoxin on the levels of natural antibodies in mice (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Sulfhydryl Inhibitors on Platelet Agglutinability.

Robinson

Mason

Wagner

1963

Experimental Biology and Medicine

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Thrombin and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induce platelet agglutination in the presence of appropriate divalent cations( 1, 2). The means by which these substances induce agglutination, and the relationship of agglutination to alterations in enzymatic activities of platelets are controversial. Through the use of sulfhydryl reagents and inhibitors, intact thiol groups have been demonstrated to be essential for maintenance of platelet integrity(3,4) and for certain enzymatic and biological functions of platelets( 5,6,7). However, the role of thiol groups in platelet agglutination is not clear. Grette found no inhibition of platelet viscous metamorphosis with the mexaptide forming agent Mersalyl at 35°C. With lower temperatures, a delay in the appearance of platelet aggregation was observed with Mersalyl ( 7). Zucker and Borrelli reported that mercuric chloride inhibited the thrombin-produced viscous metamorphosis of washed platelets (8). In platelet-rich plasma, platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or ADP was inhibited by 2.5 X 103 M mercuric chloride, but not by 2.5 X 10" M mercuric chloride or the thiol alkylating agent iodoacetate (9). The present study describes alterations in the ability of platelets to agglutinate with thrombin and ADP, in the presence of calcium, when platelets are incubated with certain sulfhydryl inhibitors.Materials and methods. Adenosine diphosphate, N-ethyl maleimide (NEM), and the sodium salt of p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB) were acquired from Mann Research Laboratories. Methyl mercuric nitrate (MMN) was prepared from recrystallized methyl mercuric iodide (Columbia Organic Chemicals Co.) by equimolar reaction with silver nitrate in methanol. The silver iodide which formed was removed by filtration and the product was crystallized twice from * This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from Nat. Inst. Health, P.H.S. methanol. Tris buffer, 0.05 M tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane, pH 7.4, was made isotonic with sodium chloride. I t was used to prepare all inhibitor solutions and for making 22 mM solutions of CaClz and MgC12 from 0.22 M aqueous cation solutions. The solvent for ADP and thrombin was 0.154 M NaC1. Topical thrombin (Parke Davis & Co.) was partially purified on a G-25 Sephadex column equilibrated with normal saline. Thrombin unitage is expressed in Iowa units ( 10). Standard suspensions of washed canine platelets were prepared at 4OC from canine plasma collected in isotonic, pH 7.4, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid ( 1 1 ) . The washed platelets were suspended at a concentration of 400,00O/cmm in a solution of 0.0054 M sodium citrate and 0.146 M NaCl at 4OC. Platelet suspensions were kept in an ice bath and used within 4 hours of preparation. Only platelet preparations which gave 4+ agglutination with both thrombin (1.0 U / d , final concentration) and ADP were used. All glassware was silicone-coated (G. E. Dri-Film SC-87) except the test tubes in which agglutination tests were performed.The macroscopic platelet agglutination test of Brinkhous et aL(1...

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“…A number of substances, including phenols, shorten the thrombin clotting time (Gerber & Blanchard, 1945). This phenomenon is partly due to the influence of phenols on the surface structure of fibrinogen (Fantl & Ebbels, 1953). Therefore the effect of catechol on horse and human plasma and their isolated euglobulin fractions was determined (Table 7).…”

Section: The Coagulation Of Horse Bloodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…was measured with the method of de Vries, Alexander & Goldstein (1949). One of the thrombin preparations used was of bovine origin (Parke, Davis, 'Thrombin Topical') and others were prepared from horse and human euglobulins according to Fantl & Ebbels (1953). But in the case of horse plasma only 15vol.…”

Section: P Fantl and A G Marrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The coagulation of horse blood

Fantl¹,

Ag²

1958

The Journal of Physiology

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Available information about the coagulation of horse blood is contradictory. Soulier & Larrieu (1953) found that horse blood contained clotting factors in concentrations not markedly different from those of human blood. However, Bell, Archer & Tomlin (1955) reported that in horse blood prothrombin and clotting times were prolonged and clot retraction was poor, in spite of platelet counts within normal human limits. They (Bell, Tomlin & Archer, 1955) found that the thromboplastin activity produced by horse blood is far less than that obtained from human blood, and concluded that the blood of normal horses of both sexes was relatively deficient in antihaemophilic factor. On the other hand, from results of thrombin generation tests, Sj0lin (1956) claims to have shown a relative lack of Christmas factor in normal horse plasma, and later he observed (Sj0lin, 1957) that the defective thrombin generation in horse plasma could be improved by either horse or human platelets and concluded that the slow clotting of horse plasma was due to a lack of Hageman factor. Some of the published results would thus indicate that normal horses are bleeders, but an inquiry among those who professionally observe horses during work or sport did not indicate that horses suffered from haemorrhage more than other animals when subjected to comparable trauma.In view of these apparent contradictions it was of interest to investigate the blood coagulation mechanism of the horse, and compare it with that of man. METHODSBlood was obtained from seven horses. One was normally used for the production of diphtheria antitoxin, four were draught horses and two were race horses. Their ages ranged from 2 to 17 years. According to veterinary examination the horses did not suffer from haemorrhagic tendencies or any other disabilities. Blood was obtained from the external jugular vein through a trocar, and was collected with the addition of 'th volume of 0-1 M sodium oxalate. Three horses were several miles from the laboratory and the specimens were transported in an ice box. The four draught horses were bled a few yards from the laboratory and the tests carried out immediately after collection. 'I3PHYSIO. CXLII

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The Interaction of Thrombin With the Plasma Components of Man and Experimental Animals

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Pathological findings in homocystinuria

Pathological findings in homocystinuria

Effect of Sulfhydryl Inhibitors on Platelet Agglutinability.

The coagulation of horse blood

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