The interactions of two chemical species in the interlayer spacing of graphite

Shioyama, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(00)00222-8

Cited by 94 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The extent of expansion may depend on the heat-treatment temperature, processing method, the amount of intercalant, and the stage index of intercalant [67,68]. The intercalated graphite flake material is also referred to as a graphite intercalation compound [68,69]. Fig.…”

Section: Expansion Behavior Of Graphite Flake [63]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, and the composites: an overview

Cho

Drzal²

2016

Carbon letters

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In efforts to characterize and understand the properties and processing of phenylethynylterminated imide (LaRC PETI-5, simply referred to as PETI-5) oligomers and polymers as a high-temperature sizing material for carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, PETI-5 imidization and thermal curing behaviors have been extensively investigated based on the phenylethynyl end-group reaction. These studies are reviewed here. In addition, the use of PETI-5 to enhance interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and a bismaleimide (BMI) matrix, as well as the dynamic mechanical properties of carbon/BMI composites, are discussed. Reports on the thermal expansion behavior of intercalated graphite flake, and the effects of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) on the properties of PETI-5 matrix composites are also reviewed. The dynamic mechanical and thermal properties and the electrical resistivity of xGnP/PETI-5 composites are characterized. The effect of liquid rubber amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (ATBN)-coated xGnP particles incorporated into epoxy resin on the toughness of xGnP/epoxy composites is examined in terms of its impact on Izod strength. This paper provides an extensive overview from fundamental studies on PETI-5 and xGnP, as well as applied studies on relevant composite materials.Key words: polyimide, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, carbon fiber, composite, properties Phenylethynyl-Terminated Imide PolymerPolyimides have been extensively used in the electronics industry [1] as coatings, films, or adhesives and also in composite applications [2] as a primary or secondary structural material. When incorporated with organic or inorganic fibers, including carbon fibers and glass fibers, they can potentially be applied as a sizing material for high-temperature uses. In advanced applications, one of the most desirable advantages of polyimides, especially the aromatic polyimides, is their excellent high-temperature performance. Their thermal characteristics, including high temperature stability and cure behavior, are critical to successful processing and to the final properties of the resulting polyimide. For aerospace and aircraft applications, advanced polymer materials must successfully maintain their properties at high service temperatures over a long exposure time [3][4][5].The important parameters influencing the heat resistance of a polymeric material are its glass transition temperature (T g ), melting point (T m ), thermal stability, and etc., which may depend on its thermal history. Accordingly, polymers that are used to fulfill such high temperature performance should exhibit a high T g or T m and have excellent thermal stability. Even though some polyimides meet the high temperature requirement, their uses have been limited due to processing difficulties, such as poor solubility in common solvents, the release of volatiles, brittleness, and high processing temperature [6,7].Aromatic polyimides, especially acetylene or ethynyl-terminated polyimides, have been extensiv...

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Section: Expansion Behavior Of Graphite Flake [63]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets, and the composites: an overview

Cho

Drzal²

2016

Carbon letters

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“…This technique has been widely investigated for graphite or GO-derived polymer nanocomposites. For example, graphite can be intercalated by an alkali metal and a monomer, followed by polymerization initiated by thenegatively charged graphene sheets [70]. Although the polymerization may exfoliate the graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs), single-layer graphene platelets were not observed.…”

Section: In Situ Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Nanocomposites

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Ma³

2012

Composites and Their Properties

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“…Lithium ions accept  electrons from the graphite, according to the direction of charge transfer, Li-GIC is considered as an acceptor GIC [33,34]. Upon the intercalation, extra holes are created in  orbitals of carbon atoms in the graphite and Fermi energy is correspondingly lowered.…”

Section: Improvement Of Electrical Conductivity By Ion Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Holes are thus mobile. In an electric field, holes are accelerated toward the electric field, which is in the opposite direction to that in which accelerated electrons are moving [33,34]. The force reacting on holes in electric field is equal to eE , where e is the electric charge and E is the electric field.…”

Section: Improvement Of Electrical Conductivity By Ion Dopingmentioning

confidence: 99%