The interblink interval in normal and dry eye subjects

Johnston, Patrick; Rodriguez, Jennifer; Lane, Keith Jeffrey; Ousler, George W; Abelson, Mark B.

doi:10.2147/opth.s39104

Cited by 50 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In previous exploratory studies, we focused first on blink rates, or their reciprocal, IBIs, and the ability to use statistical characteristics of these time-series data to differentiate dry-eye and normal subjects 16. We then began exploring the duration of blinks, finding that abnormally long lid closures appear to occur with greater frequency in dry-eye subjects, and that the IBIs surrounding these long lid closures are modified only in dry-eye subjects 17.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We study blink and how it is affected by dry eye and visual task, and have recently reported on interblink intervals (IBIs) and their temporal and mathematical characteristics that can be used to differentiate dry-eye and normal subjects 16. We have also focused our attention on the varying patterns of blink, finding that the IBIs surrounding extended blink closures increase significantly in dry-eye subjects 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Blink patterns and lid-contact times in dry-eye and normal subjects

Ousler

Abelson

Johnston

et al. 2014

OPTH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeTo classify blinks in dry eye and normal subjects into six subtypes, and to define the blink rate and duration within each type of blink, as well as the total lid-contact time/minute.Materials and methodsThis was a single-centered, prospective, double-blind study of eleven dry-eye and ten normal subjects. Predefined subjects watched a video while blinks were recorded for 10 minutes. Partial blinks were classified by percentage closure of maximal palpebral fissure opening: 25%, 50%, 75%. Complete blinks were characterized as full (>0 seconds), extended (>0.1 seconds), or superextended (>0.5 seconds). The mean duration of each type of blink was determined and standardized per minute as total lid-contact time.ResultsTotal blinks observed were 4,990 (1,414 normal, 3,756 dry eye): 1,809 (50.59%) partial and 1,767 (49.41%) complete blinks among dry-eye subjects versus 741 (52.90%) partial and 673 (47.60%) complete blinks among normal subjects. Only superextended blinks of ≥0.5-second duration were significantly more frequent in dry-eye subjects than normals (2.3% versus 0.2%, respectively; P=0.023). Total contact time was seven times higher in dry-eye subjects than normals (0.565 versus 0.080 seconds, respectively; P<0.001). Isolating only extended blinks (>0.1 second), the average contact time (seconds) was four times longer in dry-eye versus normal subjects (2.459 in dry eye, 0.575 in normals; P=0.003). Isolating only superextended blinks (>0.5 seconds), average contact time was also significantly different (7.134 in dry eye, 1.589 in normals; P<0.001). The contact rate for all full closures was 6.4 times longer in dry-eye (0.045 versus 0.007, P<0.001) than normal subjects.ConclusionDry-eye subjects spent 4.5% of a minute with their eyes closed, while normal subjects spent 0.7% of a minute with their eyes closed. Contact time might play a role in the visual function decay associated with increased blink rates.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blink patterns and lid-contact times in dry-eye and normal subjects

Ousler

Abelson

Johnston

et al. 2014

OPTH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To prevent subject awareness from affecting IBI measurement results, the subjects were video recorded without being informed that the IBI would be measured. Since previous studies have used 10‐ to 15‐minutes periods of VDT work to analyze the IBI and blink rate, and because the subjects may have been distracted at the start of video recording by having the camera immediately in front of their eyes, potentially making the data from this period unreliable, the 20‐minute period from 40 minutes to 60 minutes after the start of VDT work was used for the IBI study. The number of times subjects engaged in BW, the duration of each period of BW, and the total BW time were also measured during the final 20‐minute period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blind working time in visual display terminal users

Fujita¹,

Baba

Tanaka

et al. 2019

Journal of Occupational Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives Blind working (BW) time (time during which vision is not required), the interblink interval (IBI), and subjective symptoms were investigated in workers using visual display terminals (VDTs). Subjects and Methods To investigate BW time, 10 VDT users were instructed to close their eyes when this did not interfere with their work. They were video recorded for 60 minutes using a webcam attached to the display on which they were engaged in regular data input tasks, and BW time was measured. The values of the IBI during the final 20 minutes of the BW experiment and during the final 20 minutes of normal working without BW were compared. A questionnaire was administered to investigate subjective symptoms using a visual analogue scale. Results The total BW time during the final 20‐minute period was 20.6‐121.0 seconds (1.7%‐10.1%). The mean IBI of 5.5 ± 4.5 seconds during the BW experiment was not significantly different from that of 6.2 ± 5.6 seconds during normal working, and the mean of three IBIs immediately after BW during the BW experiment was 2.7 ± 1.0 seconds, significantly shorter than the 6.2 ± 5.6 seconds during normal working. Dry eye, ocular fatigue, and blurred vision during normal working improved when subjects were engaged in BW. Conclusions VDT users could engage in BW during VDT work, the IBI was shorter immediately after BW, and subjective symptoms improved. These results suggest that BW may provide a more effective measure for the management of VDT working time.

show abstract

“…For example, some smartphone applications include the evaluation of subjective symptoms called Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire [13]. Other applications use the smartphone camera and measure visual function [14] or interblink interval [15] that are associated with severity of dry eye. However, these applications cannot evaluate tears directly.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Study of Smartphone-Based Tear Volume Measurement System

Okazaki¹,

Takenaga²,

Miyake³

et al. 2017

ICST Transactions on Ambient Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evaluation of tear volume is important for diagnosing dry eye disease. At the clinical site, dedicated devices such as slit lamp microscopy or Schirmer's test strip have been used to quantify tear volume by ophthalmologist. However, these devices have access only in medical office and therefore have limited availability for the public. Tear volume changes with environmental, physical or psychological situation. For that reason, measurement of tear volume regardless of location, time or circumstances can be beneficial. In this study, a tear volume measurement system based on the principle of meniscometry was developed and implemented on the smartphone, and its feasibility was evaluated. It was shown that tear meniscus radii of 22 human subjects were calculated to be mean 0.31 (SD 0.06) mm which was within the range of the previous study. The results suggested the feasibility of tear volume measurement system using the smartphone based on the principle of meniscometry as an IoT sensor.

show abstract

The interblink interval in normal and dry eye subjects

Cited by 50 publications

References 17 publications

Blink patterns and lid-contact times in dry-eye and normal subjects

Blink patterns and lid-contact times in dry-eye and normal subjects

Blind working time in visual display terminal users

Feasibility Study of Smartphone-Based Tear Volume Measurement System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About