The intercultural reentry: Conceptualization and directions for future research

Martin, Judith N.

doi:10.1016/0147-1767(84)90035-x

Cited by 132 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Thus, the difficult transition of returning home does not match the expectations the sojourner has of re-entry, which is to slip easily back into a familiar culture. In addition to the sojourners' own re-entry expectations of returning home, friends and family of sojourners do not expect them to have any readjustment issues (Martin, 1984). This expectation may result in a lack of social support which is essential to healthy re-adaptation to the home culture.…”

Section: The Nature Of Re-entry Cultural Shockmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Martin (1984) has identified three major differences between the two processes. First, people have different expectations when they go to a different culture as opposed to when they return to their home culture.…”

Section: The Nature Of Re-entry Cultural Shockmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The intensity of culture shock is highlighted in Oberg's (1960) early definition of culture shock: "a disease precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse" (p. 177). However shocking the experience of entering a new culture, it is expected that most individuals eventually will adjust (Martin, 1984).…”

Section: The Nature Of Cultural Shockmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can You Go Home Again? A Phenomenological Investigation of Cypriot Students Returning Home After Studying Abroad

Thompson

Christofi

2006

Int J Adv Counselling

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Section: The Nature Of Re-entry Cultural Shockmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: The Nature Of Re-entry Cultural Shockmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Nature Of Cultural Shockmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Can You Go Home Again? A Phenomenological Investigation of Cypriot Students Returning Home After Studying Abroad

Thompson

Christofi

2006

Int J Adv Counselling

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“…Failure to achieve resolution could mean continuing frustration and a possible decision to leave. Some have extended the U-curve to a 'W-Curve Hypothesis' to include the post-return adjustment period when the person moves back into the home culture (Adler, 1981;Berry, 1985b;Bochner, Lin and McLeod, 1980;Brislin, Cushner, Cherrie and Yong, 1986;Brislin and VanBuren, 1974;Curie, 1973;Gullahom and Gullahom, 1963;Hertz, 1981;Martin, 1984 Figure 1. Generalized U-curve of adjustment to a new culture over time scales based on self-reports of symptom intensity and duration (Calhoun, 1977;Kron, 1972;Ruben and Kealey, 1979;Zapf, 1989).…”

Section: The U-curvementioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-cultural transitions and wellness: Dealing with culture shock

Zapf¹

1991

Int J Adv Counselling

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Cross-cultural communication has emerged as a major concern for the helping professions in our multicultural society. Much has been written about recognizing the cultural biases inherent in all problem-solving and development models as well as improving communication between cultural groups. There are some situations, however, where culture itself is the problem rather than simply a communication obstacle to be overcome between client and worker. Counsellors may encounter persons who have been uprooted and transplanted, victims of culture shock, 'casualties of intercultural mobility' (Draguns, 1981, p. 11). This paper examines the unavoidable stress experienced when a person moving to a new culture finds that familiar cues from home are suddenly replaced with strange, ambiguous, and unpredictable cues in the new setting. A 'U-Curve' pattern of adjustment is offered as a conceptual framework for understanding the stressful period of adjustment in a new culture, and several predictor variables are advanced which may influence the degree of culture shock and recovery reported by individuals. The paper concludes with an overview of strategies for wellness, suggestions for promoting adjustment and learning in a new culture. CultureMore than simply a set of customs, culture constitutes a way fully characteristic of organizing life, of thinking and of conceiving the underlying postulates of the principal human institutions, of relating to and interacting with other intelligent human beings. It influences our way of experimenting with the universe, providing a combination of intermediate patterns which channel our feelings and thoughts, making us react in a particular way, different from those who have been submerged in different pattems (Gutierrez, 1973, p. 17).A culture can be understood from this perspective as a network of shared meanings that are taken for granted as reality by those interacting within the network. This view of culture proposes that a community of people tend to construct a common model or map of the world derived from their shared experiences and then use these pre-determined categories as a background or

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“…A logical temporal extension of short-term cultural transition is the return to one's country of origin, labeled reentry (Werkman, 1979), reacculturation (Martin, 1984), or repatriation (Howard, 1980a). I use the latter term herein; it is arguably more descriptive of the construct and carries with it fewer negative associations (e.g., the term reentry was borrowed from the early days of the space program in which entry into the earth's atmosphere by hurtling rockets and satellites led to the disintegration of the vehicle).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamic Nature of Cultural Identity Throughout Cultural Transitions: Why Home Is Not So Sweet

Sussman

2000

Pers Soc Psychol Rev

307

241

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This article describes the social psychological process that underlies the cultural transition of sojourners. Herein the empirical and theoretical literature on cultural transitions (and in particular cultural repatriation and the relevant literature on self-concept and identity) is analyzed, critiqued, and synthesized in an attempt to understand the near ubiquitous distress experienced during repatriation. The relation among self-concept, cultural identity, and cultural transitions is explored, and in light of the paucity of comprehensive repatriation models, a new predictive model is proposed that explicates these relations. Shifts in cultural identity are classified as subtractive, additive, affirmative, or intercultural, and research directions are suggested.

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The intercultural reentry: Conceptualization and directions for future research

Cited by 132 publications

References 19 publications

Can You Go Home Again? A Phenomenological Investigation of Cypriot Students Returning Home After Studying Abroad

Can You Go Home Again? A Phenomenological Investigation of Cypriot Students Returning Home After Studying Abroad

Cross-cultural transitions and wellness: Dealing with culture shock

The Dynamic Nature of Cultural Identity Throughout Cultural Transitions: Why Home Is Not So Sweet

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