“…The responses are scored (strongly agree=6, agree=5, somewhat agree=4, somewhat disagree=3, disagree=2, strongly disagree=1) and are combined in a prescribed manner to form the following concepts: Competency and Autonomy (items 1,3,5,7,8), Perceived Need for Cooperation (items 4 and 6), and Perception of Actual Cooperation (items 2,9,10,11,12). The validity and reliability of the RIPLS scale has been established (McFadyen et al, 2005) as has the validity and reliability of the IEPS (McFadyen et al, 2007). As this study involved evaluation of standard educational practices and the responses yielded were anonymous, it was exempt from ethical review in the institution in which the study was being undertaken.…”